INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 1

→ study of what befalls a population.

Answer 1

epidemiology

Question 2

the “epi” in epidemiology means?

Answer 2

upon

Question 3

the “demi” in epidemiology means?

Answer 3

people

Question 4

T or F. Statistics is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Answer 4

F (epi)

Question 5

T or F. Epi includes studies of all conditions and circumstances important to man’s health

Answer 5

T

Question 6

What does the “study” mean in the description of epi?

Answer 6

scientific, systematic, data-driven

Question 7

What does the “distribution” mean in the description of epi?

Answer 7

frequency, pattern

Question 8

What does the “determinants” mean in the description of epi?

Answer 8

causes, risk factors

Question 9

What does the “application” mean in the description of epi?

Answer 9

application of this study to the control of health problems since epidemiology is a discipline within public health

Question 10

T or F. Only medical people can be epidemiologists.

Answer 10

F

Question 11

match only one term per activity from key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology:

Graph the number of cases of congenital syphilis by year for the country

Answer 11

distribution

Question 12

match only one term per activity from key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology:

Mark on a map the residences of all children born with birth defects within 2 kilometers of a hazardous waste site

Answer 12

Distribution

Question 13

match only one term per activity from key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology:

Tabulate the frequency of clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings among children with chickenpox in Quezon City

Answer 13

determinants

Question 14

match only one term per activity from key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology:

Recommend that close contacts of a child recently reported with meningococcal meningitis receive Rifampicin

Answer 14

application

Question 15

match only one term per activity from key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology:

Compare frequency of brain cancer among anatomists with frequency in general population

Answer 15

application

Question 16

match only one term per activity from key terms taken from the definition of epidemiology:

Compare food histories between persons with Staphylococcus food poisoning and those without

Answer 16

Application

Question 17

Uses of Epidemiology:

to assess the health of a population or community, relevant sources of data must be identified and analyzed by person, place, and time (descriptive epidemiology)

Answer 17

Assessing the community’s health

Question 18

Uses of Epidemiology:

public health officials responsible for policy development, implementation, and evaluation use epidemiologic information as a factual framework for decision making

Answer 18

Assessing the community’s health

Question 19

uses of epi:

public health officials used epidemiologic data and methods to identify baselines, to set health goals for the nation in a certain year and to monitor progress toward these goals.

Answer 19

Assessing the community’s health

Question 20

responsible for policy development, implementation, and evaluation use epidemiologic information as a factual framework for decision making

Answer 20

public health officials

Question 21

uses of epi:

More detailed data may need to be collected and analyzed to determine whether health services are available, accessible, effective, and efficient

Answer 21

Assessing the community’s health

Question 22

Which does not belong?

● What are the actual and potential health problems in the community?
● Where are they occurring?
● When did it occur?
● Which populations are at increased risk?
● Which problems have declined over time?
● Which ones are increasing or have the potential to increase?
● How do these patterns relate to the level and distribution of public health services available?

Answer 22

● When did it occur? (Assessing the community’s health)

Question 23

Uses of Epi

1950s, epidemiologists reported the increased risk of lung cancer among smokers.

Answer 23

Making individual decisions

Question 24

Uses of Epi

1970s, epidemiologists documented the role of
exercise and proper diet in reducing the risk of heart disease.

Answer 24

Making individual decisions

Question 25

Uses of Epi mid-1980s, epidemiologists identified the increased risk of HIV infection associated

Answer 25

Making individual decisions

Question 26

Uses of Epi Using epidemiologic information to make daily decisions affecting health

Answer 26

Making individual decisions

Question 27

Uses of Epi they may be influenced, consciously or unconsciously, by epidemiologists’ assessment of risk

Answer 27

Making individual decisions

Question 28

Uses of Epi use a condom

Answer 28

Making individual decisions

Question 29

Uses of Epi eat a salad rather than a cheeseburger with fries for lunch

Answer 29

Making individual decisions

Question 30

Uses of Epi When investigating a disease outbreak, epidemiologists rely on health-care providers and laboratorians to establish the proper diagnosis of individual patients

Answer 30

Completing the clinical picture (To construct or complete the natural history of a disease)

Question 31

T or F. Epidemiologists also contribute to physicians’ understanding of the clinical picture and natural history of disease

Answer 31

T

Question 32

Uses of Epi In late 1989, a physician saw three patients with unexplained eosinophilia and myalgias. Although the physician could not make a definitive diagnosis, he notified public health authorities. Within weeks, epidemiologists had identified enough other cases to characterize the spectrum and course of the illness that came to be known as eosinophilia-myalgia

Answer 32

Completing the clinical picture

Question 33

Uses of Epi the goal is to identify a cause so that appropriate public health action might be taken

Answer 33

Searching for causes

Question 34

One can argue that epidemiology can never prove a causal relationship between an exposure and a disease, since much of epidemiology is based on?

Answer 34

ecological reasoning

Question 35

T or F. Epidemiology often and does not often provides enough information to support effective action.

Answer 35

T

Question 36

Uses of Epi: the removal of the handle from the Broad St. pump following John Snow’s investigation of cholera in the Golden Square area of London in 1854

Answer 36

Searching for causes

Question 37

Uses: Epidemiologists were able to identify a variety of risk factors during an outbreak of pneumonia among persons attending the American Legion Convention in Philadelphia in 1976 (Legionnaires’ disease)

Answer 37

Searching for causes

Question 38

Uses: study of new diseases, endemic disease problems, epidemics, special events

Answer 38

To study immediate and special problems in the field of health.

Question 39

Uses: → situations (situational analysis in health planning) conditions or occurrences, and implementation problems (operational research); → provides the necessary data upon which a program may be based; to guide the program, assessing its progress and pinpointing failures,etc.

Answer 39

To study immediate and special problems in the field of health.

Question 40

Uses: clinical trials

Answer 40

To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, preventive measures and programs.

Question 41

Uses: evaluation research

Answer 41

To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy, preventive measures and programs.

Question 42

synonymous with the scientific investigative method

Answer 42

epi method

Question 43

any method or methods used to arrive at an epidemiologic synthesis of information

Answer 43

epi method

Question 44

2 principles of epi method?

Answer 44

the clear statement of the problem in their entirety, the formulation of suitable solutions or answers, and the evaluation of such solutions

Question 45

can utilize any other discipline of learning order to achieve its aims

Answer 45

epi

Question 46

focus of observation is a group

Answer 46

stats

Question 47

make diagnosis, assess effects of drugs and other factors on health

Answer 47

clinical med

Question 48

What do you call someone who practices in the field of Medicine and Public health

Answer 48

Epidemiologist