Introduction to Epidemiology

Question 1

Study of distribution of disease, or physiologic condition in human population

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

Components of Epidemiology

Answer 2

Population
Disease
Distribution
Factors

Question 3

What are the 3 dimensions in pathologic process of disease

Answer 3

Biological (Physical)
Perceptual (Physiological)
Social (Behavior)

Question 4

Occurence of disease/conditions in groups of people

Answer 4

Distribution

Question 5

Responsible for observed distribution

Answer 5

Factors

Question 6

refers to analysis of time, person, place and classes of people affected

Answer 6

Distribution

Question 7

Include those with identifiable characteristics

Answer 7

Specified population

Question 8

Epidemiologic triad

Answer 8

Time, place, person

Question 9

Determinants that influence time

Answer 9

Increase/decrease over the years
Seasonal variations
Sudden changes of disease occurence

Question 10

Examine the distribution of disease in a population, observe basic features of its distribution. (Health and disease in the community)

Answer 10

Descriptive Epidemiology

• What, who, when, where

Question 11

Essential characteristics for descriptive epidemiology

Answer 11

Person, place, time

Question 12

Testing the hypothesis and the cause of disease by studying how exposure relate to disease

Answer 12

Analytical Epidemiology

• Why, How?

Question 13

Characteristics for analytical epidemiology

Answer 13

Host, Agent Environment

Question 14

Goal of epidemiology

Answer 14

1. Biomedical

2. Public Health

Question 15

Determinants of disease development is also known as

Answer 15

Risk factors

Question 16

Development of human disease might be related to external and personal environemtn of an individual

Answer 16

Hippocrates

Question 17

Something that falls upon people

Answer 17

Epidemic

Question 18

Etiologic Theories

Answer 18

Galen

Question 19

3 causes of epidemic constitution

Answer 19

Atmospheric, susceptibility, Lifestyle

Question 20

Weekly reports of brth

Answer 20

John Graunt

Question 21

Application of vital statistical data

Answer 21

William Farr

Question 22

First investigator to draw all together the three components of definition of epidemiology

Answer 22

John Snow

Question 23

T/F, in John Snow Era, risk of infection is highest in people using water from the Southwark and Vauxhall water company

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Father of modern epidemiology

Answer 24

John Snow

Question 25

group of people which may be defined geographic boundaries

Answer 25

Population

Question 26

pathological processes which has 3 dimensions: – biological (physical) – perceptual (psychological) – social (behavioral)

Answer 26

Disease

Question 27

the occurrence of disease/ condition in | groups of people

Answer 27

Distribution

Question 28

 Quantify disease

Answer 28

Measure disease frequency

Question 29

Who is getting disease?  Where is disease occurring?  When is disease occurring? Formulation of hypotheses concerning causal and preventive factors

Answer 29

Assess distribution of disease

Question 30

 Hypotheses are tested using epidemiologic studies

Answer 30

Identify determinants of disease

Question 31

Preventing the initial development of a disease

Answer 31

Primary ex. Immunization

Question 32

Early detection of existing disease to reduce severity and complications

Answer 32

Secondary | ex Screening for cancer

Question 33

Reducing the impact of the disease

Answer 33

Tertiary | ex Rehabilitation for stroke

Question 34

- preventive measure is applied to and entire population

Answer 34

POPULATION-BASED APPROACH

Question 35

- target a high-risk group with the preventive measure

Answer 35

HIGH-RISK GROUP APPROACH

Question 36

one of the founders of the field of toxicology

Answer 36

Paracelsius

Question 37

first to employ quantitative methods to describe population vital statistics by organizing mortality data in a mortality table

Answer 37

John Graunt

Question 38

Father of Occupational Medicine

Answer 38

Ramazzini

Question 39

first to describe an environmental cause of cancer

Answer 39

Percival Pott

Question 40

Chimney sweeping and scrotal cancer

Answer 40

Percival Pott

Question 41

– In 1798 discovered small pox vaccine – Observed that dairymaids who had been infected with cowpox (a milder disease transmitted by cattle) were immune to small pox (a severe disease)

Answer 41

Edward Jenner

Question 42

In 1839, developed a more sophisticated system for codifying medical conditions - explored the possible linkage between mortality rates and population density

Answer 42

William Farr

Question 43

bad or malodorous air as a cause of disease

Answer 43

Miasma