Introduction to General Pathology

Question 1

a field that talks about the mechanisms of cells when exposed to injurious stimulus or high level stress

Answer 1

general pathology

Question 2

field that covers the mode of cell adaptation when it comes to changes in the environment

Answer 2

general pathology

Question 3

group of cells that developed during embryonic development

Answer 3

germ layer

Question 4

layers of the germ layer (inner to outer)

Answer 4

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

Question 5

forms the inner lining of the organs

Answer 5

endoderm

Question 6

examples of endoderm

Answer 6

[PL - pl hall]
pancreatic cells
lung cells

Question 7

develops into the organs

Answer 7

mesoderm

Question 8

examples of mesoderm

Answer 8

[CRT - cr ta]
cardiac, skeletal, smooth muscle cells
RBC
tubule cells of the kidney

Question 9

forms the exoskeleton

Answer 9

ectoderm

Question 10

examples of ectoderm

Answer 10

[PNS]
pigment cells
neuron of the brain
skin cells of the epidermis

Question 11

types of tissue

Answer 11

[CEMN - cmon]
connective
epithelial
muscular
nervous

Question 12

type of tissue that provides protection and covering; found on the skin and lining of organs

Answer 12

epithelial

Question 13

connects tissue to bone, tendon, and ligaments to supply nutrients

Answer 13

connective

Question 14

3 types of muscular tissue

Answer 14

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 15

involved in transmitting signals to the brain

Answer 15

nervous

Question 16

main focus in histology

Answer 16

looking at normal tissues to identify the appearance of an abnormal one

Question 17

pathology comes from the greek words ____ and ____ which means study of suffering or disease

Answer 17

pathos and logos

Question 18

its main purpose is identifying the underlying cause of death

Answer 18

histopathology

Question 19

father of modern pathology

Answer 19

Rudolf Virchow

Question 20

father of medicine

Answer 20

Hippocrates

Question 21

he started autopsy

Answer 21

Rudolf Virchow

Question 22

4 humors

Answer 22

black bile
yellow bile
blood
phlegm

Question 23

most important personnel in the lab

Answer 23

pathologist

Question 24

main role of pathologist

Answer 24

perform gross pathology

Question 25

4 divisions in the lab

Answer 25

[GAMS] gross autopsy microscopic surgical

Question 26

changes in the tissue that can be seen by the naked eye

Answer 26

gross

Question 27

what is examined in gross pathology

Answer 27

color size consistency

Question 28

2 branches under microscopic

Answer 28

clinical pathology anatomical pathology

Question 29

composed of processes involving the use of body fluids, tissues, excretions, exudates, transudates

Answer 29

clinical pathology

Question 30

removal of an organ/tissue for examination/diagnosis

Answer 30

anatomical pathology

Question 31

processing the living tissues from a living individual

Answer 31

surgical

Question 32

performed usually when the cause of death is suspicious

Answer 32

autopsy

Question 33

another term for autopsy

Answer 33

post-mortem

Question 34

any change from a state of health as a result of certain forms of stimuli and stress

Answer 34

disease

Question 35

4 aspects of a disease process

Answer 35

[CEMP] clinical manifestations etiology morphologic and molecular changes pathogenesis

Question 36

when this is disturbed, disease will start

Answer 36

homeostasis

Question 37

how do normal cells handle demands

Answer 37

through homeostasis

Question 38

changes made by the cell in response to environmental changes

Answer 38

adaptation

Question 39

types of cell adaptation

Answer 39

successful - goes back to normal unsuccessful - leads to cell injury

Question 40

altered cell structure or function

Answer 40

cell injury

Question 41

causes of cell injury

Answer 41

[DIE] deprivation of essential nutrients inability to adapt exposure to injurious stimuli

Question 42

possible results of cell injury

Answer 42

reversible - mild; back to normal irreversible - severe; cell death

Question 43

types of cell death

Answer 43

necrosis - sudden death (burst) apoptosis - programmed cell death (physiologic)

Question 44

RBC life span

Answer 44

120 days

Question 45

self-eating

Answer 45

autophagy

Question 46

cell asks for nutrients from other cells

Answer 46

intracellular accumulation of substances

Question 47

tissue hardens in response to stress/injurious stimulus; high level of calcium

Answer 47

pathologic calcification

Question 48

cell becomes old

Answer 48

cellular aging