Introduction to Genomics Flashcards
What is the different between genomics and genetics?
GENOMICS is the study of the entire DNA sequence that contains the complete set of genes for an organism. - study of the DNA genome.
GENETICS is the study of how traits are passed down the generations, and the role of genes in that process.
They are not the same, but they are similar.
Define transcriptomics.
Transcriptomics is the study of all RNA transcripts produced by a cell, tissue or organism.
What is the proteome?
The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time.
It is a source of an additional level of variance. Proteins have different patterns of carbohydrates added on post-translationally.
What is the difference between the transcriptome and the proteome?
DNA is transcribed to RNA and the total RNA content produced is the transcriptome.
RNA is translated into protein, and the total protein content produced is the proteome.
List our ‘other’ genomes.
Mitochondrial:
- 16 kbp
- many diseases associated with variants
Epigenome:
- changes in marks on the DNA strand or in histones
- some disease associations
Metagenome:
- genomes of all the organisms from a specific location
- some disease associations
What is an ‘ome’?
Suffix - The total of something.
What are microarrays?
Microarray - lab tool used to detect the expression of thousands of genes at the same time. Microarrays are still used for SNP genotyping in large numbers of subjects (>10000). Used to carry out Genome-wide Association Studies. Next Generation Sequencing and single molecule sequencing are new technologies.
What is genotyping?
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up of an individual by examining the individual’s DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual’s sequence or a reference sequence. It reveals the alleles an individual has inherited from their parents.
