Introduction to Health and Wellness

Question 1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity

Answer 1

Health

Question 2

Varies with changes in interactions between an individual and the internal and external environments

Answer 2

Dynamic Continuum

Question 3

One end of the healthy spectrum

Answer 3

Wellness

Question 4

The overall structure of the body and its systems are functioning accordingly

Answer 4

Biologic Health

Question 5

The individual’s mood, emotions, and personality are positively balanced

Answer 5

Psychological Health

Question 6

The individual’s religious needs are being met ( if they are not a spiritual person, then this has been met by not existing)

Answer 6

Spiritual Health

Question 7

The individual has a positive and well-balanced interaction between his or herself and the social environment. Good peer support. Able to interact well with others

Answer 7

Sociological Health

Question 8

Physical, Mental, Social

Answer 8

Optimum Health

Question 9

Biological

Answer 9

Physical

Question 10

Psychological

Answer 10

Mental

Question 11

Spiritual and Sociological

Answer 11

Social

Question 12

Sickness or deviation from a healthy state… The perception and response of the person to not being well

Answer 12

Illness

Question 13

A biological of psychological alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system. It can be objectively documented through tests and measures

Answer 13

Disease

Question 14

The science and art of helping people change their lifestyle and move toward a state of optimal health

Answer 14

Health Promotion

Question 15

Culture, Religion, Health beliefs and practices, previous health experiences, support systems, environment and lifestyles, geographic location, standard of living

Answer 15

Some Variable that Influence Perception of Health and Illness

Question 16

Adopting healthy behaviors such as eating nutritious foods, being physically active, and avoiding tobacco can prevent or control the devastating effects of many diseases

Answer 16

Position Statement of CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

Question 17

Leading cause of death in 1900?

Answer 17

Infectious Disease

Question 18

Leading causes of death in 2000?

Answer 18

Obesity, Alcoholism, Sedentary Lifestyle, and Tobacco Use

Question 19

Who quoted, “First and foremost wellness is a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of your life. It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy lifestyle”

Answer 19

Dr. Donald Ardell, PhD.

Question 20

What are three lifestyle changes to promote “Optimum Health”?

Answer 20

1. Enhance self-awareness and knowledge of healthy habits.
2. Change behaviors that interfere with good health.
3. Create environments that support good health practices.

Question 21

The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.
Begins on a cellular level by receiving vital nutrition from the environment, then progresses to maintain overall equilibrium though all systems.
Can be a “domino” effect once one system gets out of whack, or once all function properly

Answer 21

Homeostasis

Question 22

The branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease; also considered synonymous to the term disease

Answer 22

Pathology

Question 23

The development of unhealthy conditions or disease, or more specifically, the cellular events and reactions and other pathological mechanisms that occur in the development of disease

Answer 23

Pathogenesis

Question 24

When more than one disease/pathology is existing in the body at the same time.
Will be noted in the patient history section of the initial evaluation.
Gives very useful information as to what to expect as an outcome from a patient

Answer 24

Co-morbidity

As a PTA, you must understand a patient’s co-morbidities to be able to treat them appropriately

Question 25

Beginning stages of a disease/illness. Sudden onset, and with appropriate intervention, hopefully short in duration

Answer 25

Acute

Question 26

When the acute stage does not resolve in a short time period it transitions to this.

Answer 26

Subacute

Question 27

Permanent impairment or disability, residual physical or cognitive disability, or the need for special rehabilitation or long term medical care

Answer 27

Chronic

Question 28

Can have __________ (flare ups) of a chronic condition. Ex: chronic low back pain

Answer 28

Acute Exacerbations

Question 29

The identification of a specific disease/pathology through evaluation of signs and symptoms from lab tests and other objective tools

Answer 29

Diagnosis

Question 30

What conditions caused the disease

Answer 30

Etiology

Question 31

Unknown/unidentified cause

Answer 31

Idiopathic Etiology

Question 32

Caused by a faulty procedure administered by a medical professional

Answer 32

Iatrogenic Etiology

Question 33

Conditions within the individual's health status that promote disease

Answer 33

Predisposing Factors

Question 34

Specific event(s) that trigger the disease onset (shoveling snow = heart attack)

Answer 34

Precipitating Factors

Question 35

Objective indicators found from data collection (Ex: Numbers from blood work, MMT, AROM, lab values, etc.)

Answer 35

Signs

Question 36

The patient's subjective reports - what the patient says to you when you ask how their feeling

Answer 36

Symptoms

Question 37

The combination of a patients signs and symptoms. How the patient visibly presents overall

Answer 37

Clinical Manifestations

Question 38

A combination of recognizable signs and symptoms that are typically seen together in a predictable pattern to identify a condition

Answer 38

Syndrome

Question 39

Unwanted residual effects after disease onset

Answer 39

Sequelae

Question 40

Describes the expected outcome from the disease. Probability of recovery or not?

Answer 40

Prognosis

Question 41

An ending to the presence of clinical manifestations

Answer 41

Remission

Question 42

A recurrence of clinical manifestations

Answer 42

Exacerbation

Question 43

Secondary problems that develop in response to the initial stimuli/disease process

Answer 43

Complications

Question 44

The number of reported new cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time

Answer 44

Incidence

Question 45

The total number of existing cases for a particular disease in a given amount of time

Answer 45

Prevalence

Question 46

Usually synonymous with incidence

Answer 46

Morbidity Rate

Question 47

The number of deaths from a particular disease in a population

Answer 47

Mortality Rate

Question 48

The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice outlines specific disablement models. These outline the basic PT categories which affect a patient's health. The Nagi Model is what we will study:

Answer 48

1. Disease/Pathology 2. Impairments 3. Functional Limitations 4. Disabilities

Question 49

Describes the underlying pathogenesis and abnormal cellular and physiologic processes. Characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms and recognized by the MD and patient as being abnormal (Ex: Osteoarthritis)

Answer 49

Disease/Pathology

Question 50

A loss of abnormality at the tissue, visceral, and/or body system level. Consequences of the disease. What is physically of biomechanically wrong with the patient (decreased ROM, decreased strength, etc.) Objectively measurable data

Answer 50

Impairment

Question 51

Restrict that person's performance of specific actions. The inability to perform physical actions, tasks or activities in a efficient or expected manner. This is due to the listed impairments (Ex: inability to reach in cabinets, inability to climb stairs)

Answer 51

Functional Limitations

Question 52

Limitation of physical or mental function in a social context. The inability to perform actions, tasks, and activities related to required self-care, home management, work duties, or community and social roles (inability to work, inability to feed self, etc.)

Answer 52

Disability

Question 53

Physical Therapy Interventions are considered what?

Answer 53

Restorative Therapy

Question 54

Wellness clinics provide what? Usually provided via exercise physiologists, personal trainers, nutritionist, athletic trainers, etc. (think health clubs)

Answer 54

Wellness Therapy, Prevention Therapy, and Maintenance Therapy

Question 55

"Your patient's perception of his/her wellness can directly affect physical therapy outcomes"

Answer 55

Pitchford Synopsis

Question 56

What is the PTA's role in promoting health and wellness?

Answer 56

1. Identifying a patient's risk factors 2. Developing health promotion strategies 3. Being proactive though patient education 4. Practice what you preach!!!

Question 57

APTA defines it as, "Prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general health promotion efforts." Book definition, "Removing or reducing disease risk factors"

Answer 57

Primary Prevention -Health fair screening, etc. Attempt to prevent the onset BEFORE any symptoms appear. promoting awareness of risk factors

Question 58

APTA defines it as, "Efforts to decrease duration of illness, severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention." Book definition, "Early detection of disease and employ preventative measures to avoid further complications"

Answer 58

Secondary Prevention

Question 59

1. Primary Prevention 2. Secondary Prevention 3. Tertiary Prevention

Answer 59

Proactive Healthcare

Question 60

APTA defines as, "Efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible conditions." Book defines as, "Aimed at limiting the impact of established disease... the goal is to return the person to the highest possible level of functioning and to prevent severe disabilities."

Answer 60

Tertiary Prevention

Question 61

What are more roles for PTA's in promoting health and wellness?

Answer 61

Understanding how to optimize a patient's health and wellness allows the PT/PTA to customize interventions that will: 1. Enhance function 2. Improve overall fitness 3. Address comorbidites and prevent additional onsets

Question 62

"The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his patient in the care of the human frame, in diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease"

Answer 62

Thomas Edison