Introduction to Hematology Flashcards by Z N

When did the science of studying blood start?

17th Century

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Primary pioneer of hematology and their tool

Anton van Leeuwenhoek and company, primitive microscopes

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Greek etymology of the word hematology

haima - blood

logos - study or science

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the study of diseases related to alterations in blood cell number or appearance was a branch of ______

clinical medicine and pathology

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What does clinical hematology entail?

the study of normal and abnormal development, physiology, function, and death or destruction of formed elements in the blood

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What does modern hematology encompass?

the study of hemostatic mechanisms, hemorrhagic disease, and thrombosis

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True or False

studies in clinical and modern hematology only occur in clinical laboratories

False, clinical and research labs

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A suspension of red cell, white cells, and platelets

Blood

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2 main parts of blood

liquid portion

- formed elements

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True or False

blood is liquid inside the body

True

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True or False

blood clots within 8-10 minutes when outside the body

False, 5-8 mins

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How is blood collected for studies?

Venipuncture

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Types of blood that may be collected

Arterial blood
Venous blood
Capillary blood

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True or False

arterial blood is derived from the arteries and is most commonly used for hematological exams

False, not commonly used

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What tests are arterial blood used for? Give 2 examples.

Biochemical tests such as blood gases and blood pH

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True or False

venous blood is necessary for most tests requiring anticoagulation

True

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platelet counts are ______ in capillary blood than in venous blood

Lower

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How is capillary blood collected?

Skin puncture

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Why is capillary blood not often used?

They are liable to give erroneous results

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True or False

capillary blood has a higher red cell count and a lower platelet and white cell count compared to venous blood

False, higher red and white cell, low platelet

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Why does the capillary blood have a lower platelet count?

Platelets adhere to the site of puncture

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____ blood is preferred in hematology

Anticoagulated

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How is plasma separated from cellular elements?

Through centrifugation

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True or False

fibrinogen is one of the cellular elements contained in the blood

False, it’s in the plasma

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3 layers of anticoagulated blood

Red cell mass Buffy coat Plasma

most commonly used additive as anticoagulant

EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)

Analogy Blue tube: sodium citrate Green tube: ______

heparin

Which additive is used for platelet counts and platelet function tests?

EDTA

Analogy Platelets: buffy coat Hormones: ______

Plasma

What holds the cellular elements together in clotted blood?

Fibrin mesh

Analogy Anticoagulated blood: plasma Clotted blood: ______

Serum

True or False | clotted blood is almost as often used as anticoagulated blood in hematological tests

False, not used for hematology

Tests performed on serum

Blood banking and biochemical tests

Routine tests in hematology

- specimen collection - quantitative, instrumental, & manual measurement of cells - measurement of cell volumes - evaluation of cellular contents & components - cellular identification - ID of reactive/neoplastic alterations - evaluation of leukocyte, erythrocyte, & platelet function - evaluation of cellular development & formation - evaluation of hemostatic function

Criteria in cellular identification

- morphologic - cytochemical markers - cell surface markers

Routine tests in hematology not present in a standard CBC

1. evaluation of cellular development & formation | 2. evaluation of hemostatic function

prefix for lack, without, absent, decreased

a- / an-

aniso-

unequal, dissimilar

prefix for cell

cyt-

dys-

abnormal, difficult, bad

prefix for red

erythro-

ferr-

iron

prefix for blood

hemo- or hemato-

hypo-

beneath, under, deficient

above, beyond, extreme

hyper-

iso-

equal, alike

prefix for white

leuk(o)-

macro-

large, long

prefix for large or giant

mega-

meta-

- after, next | - change

prefix for small

micro-

myel(o)-

- from the bone marrow | - spinal cord

prefix for all, overall, all-inclusive

pan-

phleb-

vein

prefix for eat or ingest

phago-

poikilo-

varied, irregular

prefix for many

poly-

schis-

split

prefix for hard

scler-

splen-

spleen

prefix for clot or thrombus

thromb(o)-

xanth-

yellow

suffix for cell

-cyte

-emia

blood

suffix for inflammation

-itis

-lysis

destruction or dissolving

suffix for swelling or tumor

-oma

-opathy

disease

suffix for an abnormal increase or disease

-osis

-penia

decreased, deficiency

suffix for attracted to or affinity for

-phil(ic)

-plasia / -plastic

cell production or repair

suffix for cell production, formation, & development

-poiesis

-poietin

stimulates production

anisocytosis

abnormal lack of equality among cells

condition wherein cell production is absent

aplasia

anemia

decreased blood

abnormal development of bone marrow cells

dysmyelopoiesis

panmyelosis

abnormal increase in all marrow cells