Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Heme/Onc > Introduction to Hematology > Flashcards

Introduction to Hematology Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is anemia?

A

The reduction in total number of RBCs or amount of Hb or RBC mass in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

An increase in total number of RBC, amount of Hb, and RBC mass in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Variation in size, RDW >14.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

Variation in shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is polychromasia?

A

Increase in reticulocytes in the peripheral blood stream due to being released prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is hypochromia?

A

Central pallor > 1/3 the size of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is microcytosis?

A

Abnormally small RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is macrocytosis?

A

Abnormally large RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an acanthocyte?

A

Irregularly spiculated RBC. IE abetalipoproteinemia

(Thorns/spurs on RBC membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an echinocyte?

A

RBCs with short, regular spicules. IE uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a spherocyte?

A

RBC without central pallor. IE hereditary spherocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an ovalocyte?

A

Elliptical RBC. IE hereditary elliptocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a schistocyte?

A

Fragmented, bi- or tripolar spiculated RBC. IE DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a sickle cell?

A

A bipolar spiculated RBC. IE sickle cell disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a stomatocyte?

A

Mouth-like deformity. IE hereditary stomatocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a target cell?

A

RBC with concentric circles. IE thalassemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a tear drop?

A

Unipolar spiculated RBC. IE myelofibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How much blood is in the adult human? Pints and percent body weight

A

Females: 9 pints
Males: 12 pints
Which is 7-8% of total body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the functions of blood (5)?

A
  1. transportation of 02/nutrients
  2. Blood loss prevention via clotting
  3. fight infection via WBC
  4. carry waste to kidney and liver
  5. regulate temperature of body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the components of whole blood from most to least abundant?

A
  1. plasma 55%
  2. RBC 45%
  3. WBC <1%
  4. Platelets <1%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does plasma come from?

A

Water and salt absorbed from the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do blood cells come from?

A

Bone marrow primarily but also extramedullary sites of liver and spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Water 90%
Proteins
Hormones
Insulin
Electrolytes
Nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the purpose of plasma (2)?

A
  1. transport blood cells, proteins, antibodies
  2. maintain blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What stimulates RBC production?
EPO from kidneys stimulates bone marrow
26
What is the lifespan of a RBC
120 days or 4 months
27
What breaks down RBC?
The spleen breaks down RBC. The spleen then sends the billirubin to the liver that excrets billirubin into the stool.
28
What stimulates platelet production?
Thrombopoietin which is released by the liver and kidneys.
29
What is the lifespan of a platelet?
7-10 days
30
Where are extra platelets stored?
spleen
31
What is a **WBC**?
White Blood Cell Measures **total number of WBC** in a microliter of blood Normal range 4.5-11
32
What is **leukocytosis**?
Increased WBC
33
What is **leukopenia**?
Decreased WBC
34
What is an **RBC**?
Red blood cells Measures the total number of RBC in a microliter of blood. Normal range male: 4-6, female 3.5-5.
35
What is **erythrocytosis**?
Increased RBC
36
What is **erythrocytopenia**?
Decreased RBC
37
Why do males and females have a different RBC range?
Estrogen and androgens effect of erthyropoesis in the kidney due to changes in the microvasculature.
38
What is **Hgb**?
Hemoglobin A four part protein molecule that carries O2 and CO2 Normal range: male 14-17.5, females 12-16.
39
What variables effect Hgb (5)?
1. sex (males are higher) 2. Age (high in infants) 3. altitude/smoking (high at high alt and smokers) 4. Pregnancy (low in preg) 5. Ethnicity (slight variations)
40
What is **Hct**?
Hematocrit A ratio of the volume of RBC to the volume of blood Hct = Hgb*3 Normal male:39-49, female 35-45%
41
What is **MCV**?
Mean corpuscular volume reflects the individual size of the RBC Normal value: 80-100fL
42
What is **microcytosis**?
Low MCV Small RBC size
43
What is **normocytosis**?
Normal MCV Normal RBC size
44
What is **macrocytosis**?
High MCV Large RBC size
45
What is **MCH**?
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin the amount (weight) of Hgb per RBC (Note this is directly related to the RBC size/ MCV) Normal range 27-33 pg
46
What is **hypochromia**?
Low MCH
47
What is **normochromia**?
Normal MCH
48
What is **hyperchromia**?
High MCH
49
What is the calculation for MCH?
MCH = Hgb/RBC * 10
50
What is the MCHC?
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration The average hgb concentration in each RBC (Takes the volume/size of the RBC into consideration) Normal range 31-36%
51
What is the calculation for the MCHC?
MCHC = Hgb / Hct *100%
52
What is the **RDW**?
Red cell distribution width Percent of RBC that fall out of the normal range of size (related to changes in MCV) Normal: 11.5-14.5% Note: really only an elevated value!
53
What does an elevated RDW tell us?
The patient has anisocytosis which indicates that the patient has an acute problem <120 days because some RBC are still normal sized (old) and some are small (new).
54
What is a **platelet** count?
The total number of platelets in the blood. Normal range: 150-450
55
What is **thrombocytopenia**?
Low platelets
56
What is **thrombocytosis**?
A condition causing high platelets
57
What is **thrombocythemia**?
High platelets with an unknown cause
58
What is **MPV**?
Mean platelet volume Average size of platelets Normal: 7.5-11.5 fL
59
What does a high MPV indicate?
Increased platelet production because younger platelets are larger in size
60
What does a low MPV indicate?
Decreased platelet production. Could indicate damage to bone marrow.
61
What does a peripheral blood smear assess?
Blood cell morphology and cell count. Can also visualize neoplastic cells (lymphoid or myeloid cells) from bone marrow

Heme/Onc (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions