INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY Flashcards
(210 cards)
1
Q
In year _______ He was one of the first
scientists to describe “worms” in the blood.
A
Athanasius Kircher - 1657
2
Q
Athanasius Kircher was a ____, _______, ________
A
German Jesuit scholar,
polymath, and physician.
3
Q
In his work, he made
observations about various aspects of the natural
world and is often considered one of the founders
of microscopy.
A
Athanasius Kircher
4
Q
In year ________ A Dutch scientist,
is known for his groundbreaking work in
microscopy
A
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - 1674
5
Q
Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed and described
____________ under a microscope,
providing one of the earliest recorded observations
of these cells.
A
Red blood cells (RBC)
6
Q
He is often referred to as the “father
of microbiology” for his contributions to the field of
microscopy and microbiology.
A
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
7
Q
An Italian physician and
pathologist, made significant contributions to the field
of hematology.
A
Giulio Bizzozero - late 1800’s
8
Q
Giulio Bizzozero described
platelets as ___________ recognizing their role in
blood clotting.
A
“petites plaques,”
9
Q
His work laid the foundation for our
understanding of platelet function in hemostasis.
A
Giulio Bizzozero
10
Q
In year _______ a pathologist and
hematologist, known for his contributions to blood cell
staining techniques.
A
James Homer Wright (1902)
11
Q
he developed the Wright
stain, a __________ that revolutionized the
field of hematology.
A
Romanowsky-type stain - James homer wright
12
Q
This stain allowed for better
visualization and differentiation of various blood cell
types under the microscope.
A
Wright stain
13
Q
Wright’s stain, which is a
mixture of ______ and _________became a
cornerstone in blood cell identification and continues
to be an essential tool in modern hematology
laboratories.
A
acidic and basic dyes
14
Q
His work significantly improved the
accuracy of blood cell morphology analysis.
A
James Homer Wright
15
Q
etymology of hematology
A
haimo and logia
16
Q
In greek word haimo means ______ while in Latin logia means
A
blood and the study of
17
Q
___________ it is a specialized body fluid.
A
Blood
18
Q
Blood has four main components:
A
plasma, red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
19
Q
Give me one different function of blood
A
● transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
● forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss
● carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection
● bringing waste products to the kidneys and liver, which filter and clean the
blood
● regulating body temperature
20
Q
Characteristic of blood is ______ and viscous
A
Thick and viscous
21
Q
Characteristic of blood is Fluid (in ____) red in color
A
● Fluid (in vivo) red in color
22
Q
Characteristic of blood is Slightly _______ [pH 7.35 – 7.45]
A
● Slightly alkaline [pH 7.35 – 7.45]
23
Q
what is the specific gravity of blood
A
● S.G. 1.045 – 1.065
24
Q
What is the percentage of total body weight
A
7 – 8% of the total body weight Total volume
25
what is the Liter of urine if male and female
[M = 5-6 L; F = 4-5 L]
26
What is the percentage of blood?
8%
27
What is the percentage of other body fluids and tissues?
92%
28
What is the yellow portion of centrifuged sample of blood?
Plasma
29
What is the other red portion of centrifuged sample of blood?
Formed elements
30
The percentage of plasma in blood is ?
55%
30
The percentage of formed elements is?
45%
31
Whole blood is percentage by ________
volume
32
plasma is percentage by ________
weight
33
The percentage of proteins is ?
7%
34
The percentage of water?
91%
35
percentage of other solutes
2%
36
The percentage of leukocytes and platelets
lesser than 1 <1
37
The percentage of erythrocytes
>99%
38
The percentage of albumin
57%
39
The percentage of globulin
38%
40
The percentage of fibrinogen
4%
41
The percentage of prothrombin
1%
42
Other solutes
Ions
Nutrients
waste products
Gas
regulatory substances
INWGR
43
Give me the three Granulocytes
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
44
Give me the three Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
45
Lymphocytes
T cell and B cell
46
Complete blood count (CBC), which includes:
● White blood cell count (WBC)
● Red blood cell count (RBC)
● Platelet count
● Hematocrit red blood cell volume (HCT)
● Hemoglobin concentration (HB). This is the
oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
● Differential white blood count
● Red blood cell indices (measurements)
47
Lack, without,
abent,
decreased
a-/an-
48
Unequal,
dissimilar
Aniso-
49
before
Ante-
50
slow
Brady-
51
cell
Cyto-
52
through
Dia-
53
Abnormal,
difficult/bad
Dys-
54
red
Erythro-
55
iron
Ferr-
56
Pertaining to
blood
Hemo-
57
Above, beyond,
extreme
Hyper-
58
Beneath, under,
deficient/decreased
Hypo-
59
Equal/alike,
same
Iso
60
white
Leuko-
61
Large, long
Macro-
62
Bad/abnormal
Mal-
63
Large, giant
Mega-
64
After/next, change
Meta-
65
One
Mono-
66
shape
Morph-
67
From the BM,
spinal cord
Myel/o-
68
all/overall,
all/inclusive
Pan
69
Vein
Phleb-
70
Eat/ingest
Phago-
71
Varied, irregular
Poikilo-
72
Split
Schis-
73
hard
Scler-
74
spleen
Splen-
75
Clot, thrombus
Thromb/o-
76
yellow
Xanth-
77
primitive
-blast
78
cell
-cyte
79
Excision, cut out
-ectomy
80
blood
-emia
81
inflammation
-itis
82
Destruction,
dissolving
-lysis
83
Study of
-logy
84
Swelling, tumor
-oma
85
disease
-opathy
86
state/condition,
increase
-osis
87
Decrease, lack
of
-penia
88
Attracted to,
affinity for
-phil(ic)
89
Cell production
or repair
-plasia
90
Cell production,
formation, dev’t
-poiesis
91
Stimulates
producition
-poietin
92
Same, standing
still
-stasis
93
nourishment
-trophy
94
Aniso + cyt + osis
anisocytosis
95
A + plasia
aplasia
96
An + emia
anemia
97
Dys + myelo + poiesis
dysmyelopoiesis
98
Pan + myel(o) + osis
panmyelosis
99
→ bright red (oxygenated)
● Arterial blood
100
→ dark red (unoxygenated)
● Venous blood
101
Dark, very granular/ grainy texture
Basophil
102
Purple or pink grainy exterior, two-lobed nucleus
Eosinophil
103
Multi-lobed segmented nucleus
Neurophil
104
C-shaped nucleus immature neutrophil, seen in acute infections
Band (or stab) cell
105
Very large nucleus with almost the same size of RBCs
Lymphocyte
106
Kidney-shaped nucleus
Monocyte
107
Smaller compared to RBCs and WBCs
Platelet
108
Red blood cells, pink flat donut shaped with indented center
Erythrocyte
109
formerly called T delayed hypersensitivity
Th1
110
original T helper
Th2
111
It is a supressor: known as T regulatory
Th3
112
found in unclotted, anticoagulated
Plasma
113
found in clotted, coagulated blood
Serum
114
dark red in color; unoxygenated
venous blood
115
bright red in color; oxygenated
arterial blood
116
produces blue to purple color bind to acid nuclei
methylene blue (azure) - basic dye
117
produces red color - bind to alkaline cytoplasm
eosin Y - acid dye
118
What are the factors why female have lesser RBC count than males
females have menstrual cycles monthly
body structures of males is bigger
Hormonal contribution
119
The average of human posseses ____ liters of blood
5 liters
120
Blood transport oxygen from ______ to ________
lungs to tissues
121
Blood transport _______, _____, ______ and moves wastes to the _____ and ________
glucose, proteins and fats - liver and kidney
122
The liquid portion is ________, which among many components provides _______ that protects vessel from trauma and maintain circulation
plasma - coagulation enzymes
123
_______ transport and nourishes blood cells
Plasma
124
What are the three categories of blood cells
WBC, RBC, Platelets
125
_________ is the study of blood cells
Hematology
126
By expertly _____, _______, _____ and _______
staining, counting, analyzing and recording
127
___________ is able to predict, detect and diagnose blood disease
medical laboratory scientist or technician
128
_________ rely on hematology laboratory test results to select and monitor therapy for these disorders; consequently a ______ is ordered on nearly everyone who visits a physician or hospital
Physician / CBC
129
is performed on automated hematology profiling instruments and includes the RBC, WBC, and platelets measurements
Complete blood counts (CBC)
130
The medical laboratory professional to collect a blood specimen for the CBC
Specimen collection
131
The specimen must be of sufficient volume as ______ result in incorrect anticoagulant to specimen ratios
Short draws
132
There are three categories of bloof cells
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
white blood cell (Leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
133
________ is the study of cells
Hematology
134
The specimen must be accurately registered in the work list
may be automated relying on bar code
frequency identification of technology
Accessioning
135
Two types of specimen collection
out-patient department and in-patient department
136
Most laboratories employ automated profiling instruments to generate CBC
Processing
137
When one of the results from the profiling instrument is abnormal the instrument provides an indication of this sometimes called
Flag
138
In this case a medical technologist should know how to manually process each parameter in order to counter ________
Check flags
139
Give me the 8 RBC parameters
RBC count
HGB
HCT
MCV
MCHC
MCH
RDW
RETIC
140
Give me the 5 parameters of WBC
WBC count
NEUT COUNT
LYMPH COUNT
MONO COUNT
EO AND BASO COUNT
141
2 platelets parameter
PLT count
MPV
142
__________ are anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled with reddish protein hemoglobin which transports ____ and ________
Red blood cells
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
143
Historically, microscopists counted RBCs by carefully pipetting a tiny aliquot of whole blood and mixing it with _________
0.85% normal saline
144
_________ was typical for RBC counts and a glass pipette designed to provide this dilution
1:200 dilution
145
________ was routinely used until the advent of automation
Thoma pipette
146
___________ are loosely related category of cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury
White blood cells
147
___________are only 2-4 um in diameter; round, oval or anucleate
PLATELETS
148
platelets sometimes called as ________
cell fragments
149
Hemoglobin an aliquot is whole blood is mixed with a measured volume of ______
Drabkin reagent
150
Hemoglobin is converted to stable ________
cyanmethemoglobin (hemoglobincyanide)
151
__________ is the ratio of volume of packed RBC
Hematocrit
152
The medical laboratory professional may use the three numerical results
RBC INDICES
153
reflects RBC diameter on a wright stained blood film
MCV - mean corpuscular volume
154
expressed in g/dl reflects in RBC staining intensity and amount of central pallor
MCHC - Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration
155
_______-in picograms (pg) express the mass of hemoglobin and parallels in mCHC
MCH - ,mean corpuscular hemoglobin
156
Give me the calculation of MCV
hct /RBC X 10
157
Give me the calculation of MCHC
hgb/RBC X 10
158
Give me the calculation of MCH
hgb/Hct X 100
159
Red blood cell volume in millions per ________
microliter
160
Hematocrit in _________
percent
161
Hemglobin in grams per _________
deciliter
162
To accomplish a BFE the microscopist should prepare a ______
Wedge-prep
163
__________ are phagocytotic cells whose major purpose is to englulf and destroy microorganisms and foreign materials
Neutrophils
164
_________ are less fifferentiatred or less mature neutrophils
BANDS
165
________ refers to their multilobed nuclei
segmented - neutrophils
166
_________are cells with bright orange red regular cytoplasmic granules
Eosinophils
167
__________are cells with dark purple irregular cytoplasmic granules
Basophils
168
basophils contains _______ and _______
histamines and various proteins
169
__________ are the largest of white blood cells and nearlty size of RBC
monocytes
170
do not have kidney bean shape and smaller
lymphocytes
171
OSHA
CLSI
DHHS
CAP
The joint commission
occupational safety and health administration
clinical and laboratory standards institute
Department of health and human services
college american pathologists
The joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organizations
172
________ is one of the most important safety practices
handwashing
173
__________must be washed with soap and water
if water is not available _____ may be used
Hands - alcohol at least 62%minimum
174
what are the four occupational hazards
1. fire hazards
2. chemical hazards
3. Electrical hazards
4. Needle punctures
175
give me the sites that need to be avoided
Burns, scars, tattoos
Damaged veins
Edema
Hematoma
Mastectomy
IV line, cannula, fistula
6 - BDEHMI
176
Ask the patient their full name and compare the information on the request form
Conscious patients ( out patient)
177
Ask the patient their full name and compare the information bracelet and request form
Conscious patient - in patient
178
Awaken sleeping patient before attempting venipuncture
Sleeping patient
179
Enter the skin with needle at approx _________
30 degree angle bevel up
180
Put on gloves cleanse the venipuncture site with _______
70% isopropyl alcohol
181
Give me the order of draw
Stop yellow
Light blue
Red
Gold
Light green
Green
Lavender
Gray
182
Properly recap the needle using _____
Fishing out
183
Warning signs perspiration beads on the forehead
Hyperventilation, loss of color
Syncope
184
Fainting
Vasogal syncope
185
Experience hypoglycemia because they fasted
Diabetic shock
186
Px become unconscious and exhibit mild to violent
Convulsions
187
Serum/plasma that contains large amounts of bilirubin
Px presents with jaundice
Icteric
188
Serum/plasma contains large amounts of fats and lipids
May be due to px not fasting
Lipemic
189
Serum/plasma contaminated with RBC contents
Hemolyzed
190
Capillary puncture procedures
Lancet/incision devices
Finger puncture
Heel puncture
Laser lancet
191
Composition of capillary blood
Arterial blood
Venous blood
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
192
Fleshy area, slightly off center, perpendicular to whorls of fingerprint
Finger puncture
193
Medial or lateral plantar surface
Heel puncture
194
Test that can be performed by capillary puncture
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Coagulation studies that requires plasmabllod cultures
Tests that require large volume of blood
195
Order of the draw
Slides
EDTA specimens
Other additives specimens
Serum specimens
196
Gold inversion
5
197
Light green inversion
8
198
Red inversion
5
199
Orange inversion
5-6
200
Orange inversion
8
201
Royal Blue inversion
8
202
Green inversion
8 inversion
203
Gray inversion
8
204
Tan inversion
8
205
Yellow inversion
8
206
White inversion
8
207
Pink inversion
8
208
Light blue inversion
3-4
209
Clear inversion
0
