Introduction to Human histology

Question 1

What is histology?

Answer 1

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

Question 2

True or False: Histology is only concerned with animal tissues.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?

Answer 3

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Epithelial tissue is primarily involved in __________.

Answer 4

Protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation.

Question 5

What type of tissue connects and supports other tissues and organs?

Answer 5

Connective tissue.

Question 6

True or False: Muscle tissue is responsible for movement.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 7

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Nervous tissue is responsible for __________ and __________.

Answer 8

Receiving stimuli and transmitting electrical impulses.

Question 9

What is the primary cell type found in nervous tissue?

Answer 9

Neurons.

Question 10

What is the function of glial cells?

Answer 10

To support and protect neurons.

Question 11

True or False: Connective tissue has a high density of cells with little extracellular matrix.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 12

A network of proteins and carbohydrates that provides structural support to tissues.

Question 13

What are the two main categories of epithelial tissue?

Answer 13

Simple and stratified epithelium.

Question 14

What type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?

Answer 14

Simple columnar epithelium.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: __________ epithelium is found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin.

Answer 15

Stratified squamous

Question 16

What is the role of ciliated epithelium?

Answer 16

To move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract.

Question 17

True or False: Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the primary function of adipose tissue?

Answer 18

To store energy in the form of fat.

Question 19

What type of connective tissue is responsible for connecting muscles to bones?

Answer 19

Tendons.

Question 20

What is the primary function of ligaments?

Answer 20

To connect bones to other bones at joints.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: __________ muscle is involuntary and striated.

Answer 21

Cardiac

Question 22

What is the main characteristic of smooth muscle?

Answer 22

It is non-striated and involuntary.

Question 23

True or False: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the basic functional unit of muscle tissue?

Answer 24

The sarcomere.

Question 25

What are the three components of a neuron?

Answer 25

Dendrites, cell body, and axon.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

Answer 26

Axon

Question 27

What are synapses?

Answer 27

Junctions between neurons where signals are transmitted.

Question 28

True or False: Histological sections are typically prepared by freezing the tissue.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the purpose of staining in histology?

Answer 29

To enhance the contrast of tissue structures under a microscope.

Question 30

What is the most common stain used in histology?

Answer 30

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: Hematoxylin stains __________ structures, while eosin stains __________ structures.

Answer 31

Nuclear; cytoplasmic

Question 32

What is the role of the basement membrane?

Answer 32

To anchor epithelial tissues to underlying connective tissue.

Question 33

What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in cells?

Answer 33

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

Question 34

True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Answer 35

To synthesize proteins.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Answer 36

Nuclear envelope

Question 37

What is apoptosis?

Answer 37

Programmed cell death.

Question 38

What type of microscopy is commonly used in histology?

Answer 38

Light microscopy.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: __________ microscopy allows for the visualization of live cells.

Answer 39

Fluorescence

Question 40

What is the term for the study of tissue changes due to disease?

Answer 40

Pathology.

Question 41

True or False: Histopathology is the examination of tissues for disease diagnosis.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What are the two main techniques for preparing histological sections?

Answer 42

Paraffin embedding and frozen sectioning.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The process of embedding tissue in paraffin is known as __________.

Answer 43

Paraffin embedding

Question 44

What is the purpose of microtomy in histology?

Answer 44

To cut thin sections of embedded tissue for microscopic examination.

Question 45

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 45

To synthesize proteins and lipids.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in detoxification and lipid metabolism.

Answer 46

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 47

True or False: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What are the main functions of connective tissue?

Answer 48

Support, bind, and protect other tissues and organs.

Question 49

Fill in the blank: __________ connective tissue stores fat and provides insulation.

Answer 49

Adipose

Question 50

What is the role of collagen in connective tissue?

Answer 50

To provide strength and support.

Question 51

True or False: Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

What is the primary cell type found in cartilage?

Answer 52

Chondrocytes.

Question 53

What is the primary function of bone tissue?

Answer 53

To provide structural support and protection for the body.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the functional unit of bone.

Answer 54

Osteon

Question 55

What is the role of osteoblasts?

Answer 55

To form new bone.

Question 56

True or False: Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

What is the function of the lymphatic system in relation to connective tissue?

Answer 57

To transport lymph and immune cells.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: __________ tissue is responsible for the transmission of electrical impulses.

Answer 58

Nervous

Question 59

What is the primary component of the blood?

Answer 59

Plasma.

Question 60

True or False: Erythrocytes are responsible for oxygen transport.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

What is the function of leukocytes?

Answer 61

To defend the body against infection.

Question 62

Fill in the blank: __________ are the cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Answer 62

Platelets

Question 63

What type of tissue is found in the lining of the heart?

Answer 63

Endocardium.

Question 64

True or False: The pericardium is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the heart.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

What is the main function of the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 65

To facilitate gas exchange.

Question 66

Fill in the blank: __________ cells are responsible for producing mucus in the respiratory tract.

Answer 66

Goblet

Question 67

What is the primary function of the skin's epidermis?

Answer 67

To provide a protective barrier.

Question 68

True or False: The dermis is the outermost layer of the skin.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

What are the two layers of the skin?

Answer 69

Epidermis and dermis.

Question 70

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the deepest layer of the skin, containing connective tissue.

Answer 70

Dermis

Question 71

What is the role of melanocytes in the skin?

Answer 71

To produce melanin, which gives skin its color.

Question 72

True or False: Histology can provide insights into the function of tissues.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

What is the significance of understanding human histology in medicine?

Answer 73

It aids in diagnosing diseases and understanding tissue function.