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Immunology & Serology (Lecture) > Introduction to Immunology > Flashcards

Introduction to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

vaccination of cowpox against smallpox

A

edward jenner (1700)

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2
Q

reported live attenuated vaccines against rabies

A

louis pasteur (1885)

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3
Q

antiserum therapy esp. against diphtheria

A

emil von behring (1901)

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4
Q

tuberculosis

A

robert koch (1905)

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5
Q

theories of immunity (cellular & humoral)

A

paul ehrlich (1908)

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6
Q

phagocytosis

A

elie metchnikoff (1908)

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7
Q

organ grafting

A

alexis carrell (1912)

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8
Q

anaphylaxis

A

charles richet (1913)

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9
Q

theories of immunity/complement

A

jules bordet (1919)

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10
Q

human blood groups

A

karl landsteiner (1930)

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11
Q

penicillin

A

sir alexander fleming, sir ernst borischain, lord howard walter floray (1945)

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12
Q

development of polio vaccine

A

salk and sabin (1949)

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13
Q

yellow fever vaccine

A

max theiler (1951)

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14
Q

streptomycin as first antibiotic effective against TB

A

selman abraham waksman (1952)

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15
Q

antihistamine research

A

daniel bovet (1957)

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16
Q

mechanism of biological synthesis of DNA and RNA

A

severo ochoa, arthur kornberg (1959)

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17
Q

acquired immunological tolerance

A

sir frank macfarlene burnet, sir peter brian medawar (1960)

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18
Q

geentic control of enzymes and viruses synthesis

A

francois jacob, andrei lwoff, jacques monod (1965)

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19
Q

tumor-inducing viruses

A

payton rous (1966)

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20
Q

geentic code and its function in protein synthesis

A

robert holley, har gobind khorana, marshall nirenberg (1968)

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21
Q

replication mechanism and genetic structure of viruses

A

max delbruck, alfred hershey, salvador luria (1969)

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22
Q

chemical structure of immunoglobulins

A

rodney porter, gerald edelman (1972)

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23
Q

interaction between tumor viruses and genetic material

A

david baltimore, renato dulbecco, howard martin ternin (1975)

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24
Q

first monoclonal antibody

A

kohler (1975)

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25
radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones
rosalyn yallow (1977)
26
restriction enzymes/application to problems of molecular genetics
werner arber, daniel nathans, hamilton smith (1978)
27
immunogenetics and histocompatibility
baruj benacerraf, jean dausset, george snell (1980)
28
mobile genetics elements (transposons)
barbara mcclintock (1983)
29
immunoglobulin genetics ab diversity
susumo tonegawa (1987)
30
cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes
j. michael bishop, harold varmus (1989)
31
organ and cell transplantation
joseph murray, e. donnell thomas (1990)
32
specificity of cell mediated immune defense (dual recognition)
peter doherty, rolf zinkernagel (1996)
33
prions as a new biological principle of infection
stanley prunsiner (1997)
34
signal transduction
gunter blobel (1999)
35
agglutination
durham and gruber (1999)
36
immunoelectrophoresis
graber and williams (1999)
37
IgE
ishizaka (1999)
38
interferons
isaacs and lindenmann (1999)
39
precipitation
kraus (1999)
40
development of human papilloma virus vaccine
frazer (2005)
41
an area of biology that is concerned with the process by which all living organisms defend themselves against infection
immunology
42
ability of an organism to recognize and defend itself against specific pathogen or antigens
immunity
43
2 general types of immunity
natural/innate immunity acquired/adaptive immunity
44
first line of defense
anatomical barriers
45
mechanical factors of anatomical barriers
skin mucus
46
chemical factors of anatomical barriers
fatty acids surfactants
47
biological factors of anatomical barriers
normal flora of the skin and GIT
48
it plays an important role in inflammation, characterized by edema and phagocytic cells. these factors are found in the serum or at the site of infection
humoral barriers to infection
49
non specific plasma proteins
complement system coagulation system lactoferrin and transferrin interferons betalysin properdin
50
once activated complement can lead to increased vascular permeability, recruitment of phagocytic cells, and lysis and opsonization of bacteria
complement system
51
some products of the coagulation system can contribute to the non-specific defenses because of their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells
coagulation system
52
_____ are a group of cytokines that are secreted by different cells of the immune system that function for cellular growth modulation, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses
interleukins
53
cellular barriers to infection these cells are the main line of defense in the non-specific immune system
neutrophils macrophages mast cells dendritic cells natural killer (NK) and lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells eosinophils basophils monocytes
54
third line of defense affords protection against re-exposure to the same pathogen
acquired/adaptive immunity
55
cells responsible for the specific immune response
lymphocytes
56
mature in marrow
b cells
57
mature in thymus
t cells
58
types of lymphocytes
b cells t cells helper/cytotoxic/killer/supressor/memory
59
types of specific immunologic reactions/adaptive
humoral immunity (antibody-mediated)
60
involves b cell activation production of antibodies in blood plasma and lymph b cells that are stimulated, called plasma b cells, will actively secrete antibodies antibodies are found in ECF (blood plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and surface of b cells defense against bacteria, bacterial toxins, and viruses, that circulate freely in body fluids before they enter cells
humoral immunity (antibody-mediated)
61
types of acquired/adaptive immunity
active immunity passive immunity
62
result of actual infection
active immunity
63
exposure to antigen
naturally acquired active immunity
64
through vaccination
artificially acquired active immunity
65
result of transmission of antibodies
passive immunity
66
natural antibodies antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta
naturally acquired passive immunity
67
injection of antibodies immunity is short-lived
artificially acquired passive immunity
68
action of t cells active against antigens and transplanted tissues kill cells through lysis defense against intracellular organisms
cellular immunity (cell-mediated)
69
process of inducing naturally or artificially by vaccination or administration of antibody
immunization
70
a type of active immunization wherein any vaccine or toxoid is administered for prevention of disease
vaccination
71
for every type of disease, there is a recommended percentage of immunized population to achieve herd immunity
herd immunity
72
proteins, polysaccharides, or nucleic acids delivered to the immune system to induce specific responses that inactivate, destroy or surpress the pathogen
vaccines
73
2 major lineages
myeloid precursor lymphoid precursor
74
monocytes PMN (polymorphonuclears) RBCs platelets macrophages
myeloid precursor
75
t cells b cells NK cells
lymphoid precursor
76
2 types of immune system organs
primary secondary
77
maturation sites
primary
78
cenral organ where all immune cells are born b cells maturation
bone marrow
79
t cell maturation
thymus
80
activation sites
secondary
81
lymph nodes lymphatics spleen malt (mucous-associated lymphoid tissues)
secondary

Immunology & Serology (Lecture) (8 decks)

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