Introduction To Massage

Question 1

What is massage ?

Answer 1

Massage is defined as the manipulation of soft tissues of the body in other to produce clinical effect on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous system

Question 2

When starting to perform and practice massage check that you can?

Answer 2

• Reach all parts
• Stand in walk or lunge standing to do so.
• change position without impedance

Question 3

Self preparation of therapist and patients before massage

Steps(8)

Answer 3

• preparation before contact with patient
• attention to personal appearance, hygiene and manicure
• protective clothing to maintain decency because of contact is inevitable
• restraining of long hair
• dangling jewelries should be discarded & wrist watches
• rings can cause discomfort and hinder some manipulation technique so it should be removed
• nails should be short and clean
• cultivate warm hands by using warm water before contact

Question 4

Preparation of environment for massage (3)

Answer 4

• treatment area should be quiet,discreet coulurs and well ventilated.
• The padded treatment couch should have washable and undercover and towels to cover the areas not being treated.
• Two pillows should be available for the treatment.

Question 5

Contact mediums for massage

Answer 5

They provide glides

1: Powder:Talcum powder, corn starch BP
2. Oils : pure lanolin , lanolin cream(which is water based)
3. Liquid oils : vegetable oil, baby oil and liquid paraffin

4. Creams
5. Water based lubricant
6. Soap and water .

Question 6

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Answer 6

Dndnd

Question 7

Classification of massage

Based on technique

Answer 7

Stoking
Pressure manipulation
Tapontment and percussion
Vibration

Question 8

Based on depth of tissue

Answer 8

Light and deep

Question 9

Based on body part ?

Answer 9

General and local

Question 10

Based on means of administration

Answer 10

Manual and mechanical

Question 11

What is stroking ?

Answer 11

Technique consisting linear movement of relaxed hand along the whole body length performed with fingers or finger tips.

Question 12

Two techniques of stroking are:

Answer 12

Superficial
And effleurage

In both techniques there is rhythmic uninterrupted movement of either hands or fingers.

Question 13

Aim of stroking ?

3

Answer 13

Assist in creating sedative effect (slow)

Assist in creating stimulating effect (fast)

Application of contact medium

Question 14

Characteristics of stroking massage

3

Answer 14

Even pressure
Constant touch
Equal rhythm

Question 15

Note:

Answer 15

Superficial is applied with the lightest pressure

Applied proximal to distal or vice versa

Aim of superficial stroking is for sensory stimulation

Decrease muscle tone

Technique given in early part of massage to relax the patient and accustom him to touch

Question 16

What is effleurage/deep stroking ?

Answer 16

Is a stroking technique that is performed with the palmar aspect of the hand and moderate pressure is applied in the direction of the lymphatic and venous drainage

Question 17

Note :

Answer 17

Each strokes begins from Distal to proximal and ends at the site of regional lymph nodes

Relaxed hand of the operator accommodates varying contour of the sagments without moving deep muscles

Main effect is on venous and lymphatic drainage

Question 18

Aims of effleurage?

Answer 18

Stimulates axon reflex

Improves arterial circulation

Improves elasticity and pliability of skin

Assist fluid interchange

It impacts soothing effect which lessen anxiety and tension through sedative effect

Increase muscle tone

Allows for the detection of abnormal areas of tissue

Question 19

What is pressure manipulation ?

Answer 19

Hand of therapist and the skin of the patient moves together as one unit.
Fairly deep localized pressure is applied to the body.

Question 20

Classification of pressure manipulation

Answer 20

Kneading
Petrissage
Friction

Question 21

What is kneading ?

Answer 21

Circular manipulation performed so that the skin and subcutaneous tissues are moved in a circular manner on the underlying structures.

Question 22

Techniques used for kneading ?

3

Answer 22

Digital kneading (pulp of fingers)
Palmar kneading (palm of hand )
Pulp of thumbs (thumb kneading )

Question 23

what is Friction ?

Answer 23

Movement of individual collagen fibres over underlying structures
Breaks adhesion and forcefully broaden out the structure.

Question 24

Note:

Answer 24

It is a painful technique

Mostly used in treatment of sub acute and chronic lesion of muscles

It initiates small localized inflammatory response with intention of braking scar tissues

Question 25

Types of frictional massage

Answer 25

Circular | Transverse

Question 26

What is Petrissage ?

Answer 26

Tissues are grasped and lifted away from the underlying structures Tissues applied in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of bone

Question 27

Techniques of Petrissage?

Answer 27

Picking up Wringing Rolling

Question 28

What is pressure ulcer ?

Answer 28

Localized areas of tissue necrosis that tends to occur when the soft tissue is compressed between bony prominence and a surface for a long period.. Can be called bed sores

Question 29

Classification of pressure ulcer | 4 stages

Answer 29

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Question 30

Stage 1?

Answer 30

Non blanchable erythema of intact skin... Discolouration of skin Warmth Edema and pain Involves the only the epidermal later of the Skin

Question 31

Stage 2

Answer 31

Partial thickness or blister skin loss Involves either epidermis or dermis (or both) Loss of dermis present shallow open ulcer with red pink wound bed without slough. This stage refereed to as abrasion or blister

Question 32

Stage 3?

Answer 32

Full thickness tissue loss Subcutaneous fat maybe visible But bone , tendon or muscle is not exposed It's difficult to heal cos of low blood supply to subcutaneous tissue Epidermis , dermis and subcutaneous tissue is involved

Question 33

Stage 4

Answer 33

Full thickness tissue loss The deepest extending into muscle , tendon and even bone

Question 34

Complications of pressure ulcers

Answer 34

Cellulitis Cancer Sepsis Bone and joint infection .

Question 35

Prevention of pressure ulcers ?

Answer 35

1.Positions changes 15 min wlchair 2. Skin inspection Daily inspection 3. Nutrition. Prevent skin brk down Hydration Aid wound healing 4. Lifestyle changes Exercise Quit smoking 5. Use pressure relieving devices. Air mattress Water mattress

Question 36

Treatment of pressure ulcers?

Answer 36

1. Using support surface : Pads, mattress, cushions Help to relieve pressure on existing sore 2. Cleaning : To prevent infection Soap and water (stage 1) Salt (saline) open sores 3.Removal of damages tissue (debridement ) To heal properly 4. Oral antibiotics 5. Healthy diet 6. Surgical repair (plastic surgery)

Question 37

What is Bandaging ?

Answer 37

Is the process of covering a wound or injured part ..

Question 38

Types of bandages ?

Answer 38

``` Crepe bandage Adhesive Cotton /gauze Triangular Roller. ```

Question 39

Uses of bandages

Answer 39

To support - fractured bones To immobilise - dislocated shoulder or jaws To apply pressure - stop or control bleeding Improve venous return To retain splint place To reduce or prevent swelling To secure a dressing in place To restrict movement To correct deformity. To protect wound

Question 40

What is Postural drainage ?

Answer 40

Is a form of airway clearance that involves the use of gravity by placing the patient body in various positions in other to drain mucus secretion from the lung segment into the central airway.

Question 41

Note:

Answer 41

Postural drainage can only occur effectively if the patient takes part in the treatment. Auscultate the lungs in other to know the lungs segment where added sound is heard .

Question 42

Guidelines for postural drainage?

Answer 42

Each position should be held for a minimum of 5 min (Btwn 3-15 min) Positions can be done on bed or floor In each position, the chest should be lower than the hips to allow mucus to drain. Use pillows , foam wedges and other devices for patient to be comfortable. Encourage the patient breathe in through the nose and out through mouth Preferably done in the morning To clear mucus built up over night Or right before bed to prevent coughing during the night.