Introduction to Microbiology

Question 1

• microorganisms
• ubiquitous
• viruses, bacteria, fungi, archaeans, algae, protozoa

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Diciplines of Microbiology

Answer 2

• Bacteriology
• Phycology
• Protozoology
• Parasitology
• Virology
• Mycology

Question 3

Apllication of Microbiology

Answer 3

-Epidemiology
-Infecftion Control
-Immunology

Question 4

-the study of animal and plant parasitism as a biological phenomenon.
-parasites occur in virtually all major animal groups and in many plant groups, with hosts as varied as the parasites themselves

Answer 4

Parasitology

Question 5

Naming microorganisms

Answer 5

Microbial nomenclature

Question 6

Classifying living things

Answer 6

Taxonomy

Question 7

Discovering and recording the traits of organisms so they can be named and classified

Answer 7

Identification

Question 8

Microorganisms grouped into 6 categories as follows: Fungi, Protoazoa, Algae, Bacteria, Archea, Small animals

Answer 8

Leeuwenhoek’s

Question 9

Developed taxonomic system for naming plants and animals and grouping simillar organisms together

Answer 9

Carolus Linnaeaus

Question 10

5 kingdoms:
prokaryotae, protista, fungae, plantae, animalia
Based on:
Morphology, metabolism, molecular techniques, fatty acids profiles, protein differentiation, DNA finger printing

Answer 10

Traditional Whittaker Classification

Question 11

-system based on RNA
-3 super kingdoms: eubacteria, archaeabacteria, eukarya

Answer 11

Woese-Fox Classification

Question 12

Classification of microorganisms

Answer 12

• Leeuwonheok’s
  -Carolus Linnaeus
  -Traditional Whittaker
  -Woese-Fox Classification

Question 13

-the generic(genus) name followed by the species name.
-generic part is capitalized, species is lowercase
-both italicized or underlined if italics are’nt available

Answer 13

Binomial system of nomenclature

Question 14

-Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-Some of them lack cell walls
-Most do not cause diseases and and some are beneficial

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

Cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan

Answer 15

Archaea

Question 16

-eukaryotic (have membrane -bound nucleus)
-obtain food from other organisms
-possess cell walls
- composed of molds and yeast

Answer 16

Fungi

Question 17

-multicellular
-have hyphae
-reproduce by sexual and asexual pores

Answer 17

Molds

Question 18

-unicellular
-reproduce asexually by budding
-some produce sexual spores

Answer 18

Yeasts

Question 19

-single-celled eukaryotes
-similar to animals in nutrient needs and cellular structure
-live freely in water; some live in animal host
-asexual{most) and sexual reproduction

Answer 19

Protozoa

Question 20

protozoa are capable of locomotion by:

Answer 20

-pseudopodia
-cilia
-flagella

Question 21

cell extensions that flow in direction of travel

Answer 21

Pseudopodia

Question 22

numerous, short, hair-like protrusions that propel organisms through environment

Answer 22

Cilia

Question 23

extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whip-like than cilia.

Answer 23

Flagella

Question 24

-unicellular or multicellular
-photosynthetic
-simple reproductive structures
-categorized in the basis of pigmentation, storage, products, and composition of cell wall

Answer 24

Algae

Question 25

-the degree of relatedness between groups of living things -usually represented by a tree-showing the divergent nature of evolution

Answer 25

Phylogeny

Question 26

-hereditary information in living things changes gradually through time -these changes result in structural and functional changes through many generations

Answer 26

Evolution

Question 27

(1)all new species originate from pre-existing species (2) closely related organisms have similar features because the evolved from a common ancestor

Answer 27

2 Preconceptions

Question 28

demonstrated that animals do not arise spontaneously from dead organic matter.

Answer 28

Francisco Redi (1660)

Question 29

-when decaying meat was kept isolated from flies, maggots never developed -meat exposed to flies was soon infested -as a result, scientisrs began t doubt aristorle's theory

Answer 29

Redi's Experiment

Question 30

-father of microbiology - he made microscopes consisting of a single high quality lens of very short focal length -first to observe live microorganisms, using a simple microscope

Answer 30

Antonie Van Leeuwenheok

Question 31

-Father of Immunology -disproved the theory of spontaneous generation contributed to the understanding of fermentation -developed technique for selective destruction of microorganisms (pasteurization) and diseases of silkworms -attenuated vaccines for anthrax and chicken cholera -immunization against rabies

Answer 31

Loius Pasteur