Introduction to Microbiology

Question 1

Black death

Answer 1

Yersinia pestis

Question 2

What is medical microbiology?

Answer 2

Prevention (Prophylaxis)

Diagnosis

Treatment

Question 3

Size of worms

Answer 3

Unaided eye

1000mm - 1mm

Question 4

Size of fungi

Answer 4

Light microscope

10-4m
10-6m

Question 5

Size of bacteria

Answer 5

Light microscope

10-5m
10-6m

Question 6

Size of Prions

Answer 6

Electron microscope

10-8m

Question 7

Atoms size

Answer 7

0.1nm

Electron microscope

Question 8

lipids size

Answer 8

1nm

Electron microscope

Question 9

Protein size

Answer 9

10nm

Electron microscope

Question 10

Flu virus size

Answer 10

100nm

Electron microscope

Question 11

Bacteria size

Answer 11

1pm
Light microscope
Electron microscope

Question 12

Mitochondria size

Answer 12

1pm
Light microscope
Electron microscope

Question 13

Animal cell size

Answer 13

Light microscope
Electron microscope
10-100pm

Question 14

Plant cell size

Answer 14

Light microscope
Electron microscope
10-100pm

Question 15

Human egg size

Answer 15

Light microscope
Human eye
50pm

Question 16

Frog egg size

Answer 16

Light microscope
human eye
1mm

Question 17

chicken egg size

Answer 17

40mm

human eye

Question 18

Physiological Impact of infectious disease

Answer 18

At least 60% of what reaches the clinic
Paediatric, adult and geriatrics
Synergy with genetic dysfunctions (e.g. diabetes, COPD, chron’s, asthma, CF, cancer…)

Question 19

Infectious disease

Structural impact

Answer 19

e. g. bone repair and growth

e. g. foreign body impant (hip replacement)

Question 20

Infectious Disease

Impact

Communication and Understanding

Answer 20

Professional contribution
towards the patient

*Research besides practice

Question 21

Terms

Mechanism

Answer 21

Pathogenesis

Molecular pathogenesis

Question 22

Terms

The mechanism is mediated by a microbe

Answer 22

Microbrial pathogenesis

Question 23

Terms

Cause disease

Answer 23

Disease aeitology

Question 24

Terms

Disease cause: a microbe

Answer 24

Microbrial disease

Question 25

Terms By microbial invasion / multiplication

Answer 25

Infectious disease

Question 26

Terms ID that spreads through a given path(s)

Answer 26

Communicable disease

Question 27

Terms ID communicable through hosts

Answer 27

Contagious disease

Question 28

Nomenclature meaning

Answer 28

Name

Question 29

Classification meaning

Answer 29

Rules to allow orderly grouping of organisms

Question 30

Identification meaning

Answer 30

Recognition of the characteristics of an organism

Question 31

Phylogeny meaning

Answer 31

origin

Question 32

Eukayrota features

Answer 32

``` Unicellular Flagellated Heterotrophic Kinetoplast Trypanosomatidae ```

Question 33

What is nomenclature based on?

Answer 33

``` Size Shape Host Biochemical Genetic make-up Disease vectors Geographic location ```

Question 34

Human viruses of clinical importance

Answer 34

``` Rabies Hepatitis B Yellow fever virus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome virus Human immunodeficiency virus Measles virus Ebola virus ```

Question 35

Prions What are they?

Answer 35

bad proteins

Question 36

Types of cell Prokaryotic cell

Answer 36

Bacteria

Question 37

Types of cell Eukaryotic cell

Answer 37

Protists Fungi Animals Plants

Question 38

Prokaryote Organisms

Answer 38

Bacteria Archaea

Question 39

Prokaryote Cell size

Answer 39

0.5 - 10um | viruses are not prokarotes

Question 40

Prokaryote Membrane

Answer 40

No carbohydrates and lacks sterols

Question 41

Prokaryote Ribosomes

Answer 41

60S + 40S subunits (plus mitochondria and chloroplasts) 51 proteins Non-compartmentalized transcription / translation

Question 42

Prokaryote DNA

Answer 42

Chromosome free floating in the cellular cytoplasm 1 chromosone 1 chromosomal origin of replication episomes present (e.g. plasmids) Non-protein wrapped chromosome replicated by binary fission extremely compact gene Operon / polycistronic gene expression Mostly protein encoding regions no gene split

Question 43

Prokaryote Organelles

Answer 43

No

Question 44

Prokaryote Cell wall and external envelopes

Answer 44

Cell wall in bacteria and archaea (structurally / functionally complex) Outer most external envelopes of proteic, carbohydrate or lipid nature (e.g. capsule)

Question 45

Prokaryote Metabolism

Answer 45

Aerobic Anaerobic Diverse

Question 46

What are episomes?

Answer 46

Episomes are linked to the horizontal of pathogenic components and antibiotic resistance

Question 47

Eukaryote Organisms

Answer 47

Animal Plant Fungi

Question 48

Eukaryote Cell size

Answer 48

10 - 100um

Question 49

Eukaryote Membrane

Answer 49

Contains sterols and carbohydrates

Question 50

Eukaryote Ribosome

Answer 50

50S + 30S subunits 82 proteins Compartmentalized transcription and translation

Question 51

Eukaryote DNA

Answer 51

Chromosome enveloped by membrane (nuclear membrane) Various chromosomes Multiple chromosomal replication origins No episomes Protein wrapped chromosome e.g. Histones Replication by mitosis / meisosis Not as compact genome Monocistronic gene expression Large (95%) non-coding regions Gene split (intron/exon structure)

Question 52

Eukaryote Organelles

Answer 52

Yes | lyposomes, peroxisomes, microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, golgi, vacuoles/vesicles.

Question 53

Eukaryote Cell wall and external envelopes

Answer 53

Cell wall only in plants, plant-like protists, and fungi (structurally / functionally simpler) No external envelopes

Question 54

Eukaryote Metabolism

Answer 54

Mainly aerobic