Introduction to Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Question 1

The microbiome refers to bacteria alone, not fungi

Answer 1

F

Question 2

25% of the world population have latent infection with TB

Answer 2

T

Question 3

There are about 5 new cases of TB infection every day in Singapore

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Childhood immunization includes tetanus diphtheria and pertussis

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Adult immunisation includes pneumococcal vaccine for people over 65yrs

Answer 5

T

Question 6

The chromosome in prokaryotes is a linear strand of DNA

Answer 6

F

Question 7

Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles

Answer 7

F

Question 8

The prokaryotic ribosome is 70s

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Bacteria multiply by binary fission

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Bacteria measure about 2-4 millimeters (mm)

Answer 10

F

Question 11

Gram positive bacteria have an outer cell membrane

Answer 11

F

Question 12

Most bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Answer 12

T

Question 13

Bacterial cell shapes are determined by the cell membrane

Answer 13

F

Question 14

Gram positive bacteria stain pink with the gram stain

Answer 14

F

Question 15

Lipo-polysaccharide is found in the inner cell membrane

Answer 15

F

Question 16

Plasmids are non-chromosomal pieces of DNA

Answer 16

T

Question 17

Plasmids may encode genes for resistance to antibiotics

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Plasmids may encode genes for pathogenicity factors

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Conjugation refers to the uptake of plasmids from the environment

Answer 19

F

Question 20

Bacteriophages may spread resistance by transduction of plasmids

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Mycoplasma spp. are resistant to drugs that act on peptidoglycan

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Porins are channels in cell membranes

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Flagellae confer motility on bacteria

Answer 23

T

Question 24

Pili enable bacteria to attach to target surfaces

Answer 24

T

Question 25

Mycobacteria stain well with the gram stain

Answer 25

F

Question 26

The Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain is for fungi

Answer 26

F

Question 27

The auramine stain is a fluorescent stain

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Gram negative intracellular diplococci are typical of Neisseria spp.

Answer 28

T

Question 29

Campylobacter spp. are spiral gram negative bacteria

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Dark ground illumination is used for very thin bacteria

Answer 30

T

Question 31

Flagella help bacteria to adhere to surfaces

Answer 31

F

Question 32

Fimbriae are used for motility

Answer 32

F

Question 33

Capsules allow long term dormancy

Answer 33

F

Question 34

Spores help the bacterium evade the immune system

Answer 34

F

Question 35

True or false Gram positive cocci in clusters are typical of a Staphylococcus spp.

Answer 35

T

Question 36

Gram positive cocci in chains are typical of a Streptococcus spp.

Answer 36

T

Question 37

Gram positive rods arranged as chinese characters are Bacillus spp.

Answer 37

F

Question 38

Spores are formed by Clostridia spp.

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Spores are formed by Bacillus spp.

Answer 39

T

Question 40

Fungal cell walls contain cellulose

Answer 40

F

Question 41

Fungi can perform photosynthesis

Answer 41

F

Question 42

All fungi are filamentous

Answer 42

F

Question 43

A mould is a yeast

Answer 43

F

Question 44

Di-morphic fungi can exist as both yeasts and as filamentous fungi

Answer 44

T

Question 45

True or false Conidia become airborne and spread infection through the air

Answer 45

T

Question 46

Fungi are not inhibited by antibiotics

Answer 46

T

Question 47

Candidiasis is common in immunosuppressed patients

Answer 47

T

Question 48

Aspergillus is a dimorphic fungus

Answer 48

F

Question 49

Sabouraud’s medium is a common fungal media

Answer 49

T

Question 50

True or false Trematodes are flukes

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Cestodes are tape worms

Answer 51

T

Question 52

Nematodes are round worms

Answer 52

T

Question 53

Helminths are parasites

Answer 53

T

Question 54

Helminths have backbones

Answer 54

F

Question 55

Ascaris is several mm long

Answer 55

F

Question 56

Helminths are ‘neglected tropical diseases’

Answer 56

T

Question 57

Diagnosis of helminth infection is often by microscopy

Answer 57

T

Question 58

Helminths stay in the gut and don’t invade tissue

Answer 58

F

Question 59

The global parasite burden is small

Answer 59

F

Question 60

True or false The ‘microbiome’ collectively refers to all organisms

Answer 60

T

Question 61

The microbiome may influence the development of our immune system

Answer 61

T

Question 62

Each person’s normal flora is constant and doesn’t change

Answer 62

F

Question 63

‘Colonisation resistance’ resists the establishment of new flora

Answer 63

T

Question 64

A ‘carrier’ of a pathogen is colonised with that pathogen

Answer 64

T

Question 65

E. coli is part of the normal gut flora

Answer 65

T

Question 65

S. aureus is carried by about 30% of people in the anterior nares

Answer 65

T

Question 66

Commensals can cause infections

Answer 66

T

Question 67

Candida is normal flora but causes disease when allowed to proliferate

Answer 67

T

Question 67

Overgrowth of Clostridium difficile is harmless

Answer 67

F

Question 68

Coagulase negative staphylococci don’t cause infections

Answer 68

F

Question 68

Blood cultures are often contaminated with skin flora

Answer 68

T

Question 69

Transient carriage is not an infection control problem

Answer 69

F

Question 70

Cutibacteria contribute to acne

Answer 70

T

Question 71

Normal skin flora includes mites and yeasts

Answer 71

T

Question 72

The mouth is a clean site, devoid of normal flora

Answer 72

F

Question 73

Bite wounds are treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid

Answer 73

T

Question 73

Oral anaerobic bacteria contribute to bite wound infections

Answer 73

T

Question 74

Pathogenic bacteria may be carried in the pharynx

Answer 74

T

Question 75

Aspiration of oral flora can result in aspiration pneumonia

Answer 75

T

Question 75

Organisms cultured from lung samples are always pathogens

Answer 75

F

Question 76

When cilia function is compromised, infections follow

Answer 76

T

Question 76

The stomach pH is too low for most bacteria to survive

Answer 76

T

Question 76

Helicobacter pylori colonises the stomach

Answer 76

T

Question 76

The small bowel has a rich flora

Answer 76

F

Question 77

Oral flora is unaffected by antibiotics

Answer 77

F

Question 78

Lung abscesses often contain mixed streptococci and anaerobes

Answer 78

T

Question 79

E.coli is the main constituent of large bowel flora

Answer 79

F

Question 79

Vaginal flora fluctuates with age and hormonal status

Answer 79

T