Introduction to neurology

Question 1

What is the purpose of the neurological system?

Answer 1

To coordinate all activities of the body and enable to body to respond and adapt to change

Question 2

What 2 main sections is the neurological system split into?

Answer 2

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What are the 2 main components of the central nervous system?

Answer 3

The brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What are the 6 main sections of the brain?

Answer 4

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 5

What is the role of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?

Answer 5

To link the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body

Question 6

What are the 4 regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 6

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and spinal nerves

Question 7

What are the two types of spinal nerves in the spinal cord?

Answer 7

Afferent and efferent

Question 8

What are the two major hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 8

Right and left cortex

Question 9

The right and left cortex of the cerebrum and split into how many and what components?

Answer 9

4 lobes (Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital)

Question 10

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 10

Reasoning and thought

Question 11

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 11

Integrating sensory information

Question 12

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 12

Processing auditory information from the ears

Question 13

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 13

Processing visual information from the eyes

Question 14

What are the functions of the Cerebellum

Answer 14

Muscle coordination
Balance
Posture
Muscle tone

Question 15

Where is the cerebellum located?

Answer 15

Below the cerebrum and above the 1st cervical of the neck

Question 16

What are the four components of the Diencephalon?

Answer 16

Epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus.

Question 17

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 17

Directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum

Question 18

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

Controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, blood vessel constriction, and dilation.

Also has a role in emotions such as: anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.

Question 19

Where is the midbrain located?

Answer 19

Below the cerebrum

Question 20

What is the midbrain responsible for?

Answer 20

Eye and auditory reflexes

Question 21

Where are the pons located?

Answer 21

Locate below the midbrain (in brainstem)

Question 22

What are the pons responsible for?

Answer 22

Certain reflec actions

Question 23

Where is the medulla oblongata located?

Answer 23

At the bottom of the brainstem connecting to the spinal cord.

Question 24

The medulla oblongata is the centre for what?

Answer 24

Centre for respiration

Question 25

What does the medulla oblongata regulate?

Answer 25

``` Heart + blood vessel function Digestion Respiration Swallowing Coughing Sneezing Blood pressure ```

Question 26

What are afferent spinal nerves?

Answer 26

Nerves that carry information from the body to the brain

Question 27

What are Efferent spinal nerves?

Answer 27

Nerves that carry information from the brain to the body

Question 28

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 28

The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 29

What two systems is the peripheral system split into?

Answer 29

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 30

What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 30

Carrying motor and sensory information. All voluntary muscle movements Processing sensory information from external stimuli (hearing, touch, and sight)

Question 31

What is the somatic nervous system made up of?

Answer 31

Nerves that connect to the skin, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles

Question 32

Afferent sensory neurons conduct which way?

Answer 32

inwards

Question 33

Efferent sensory neurons conduct which way?

Answer 33

outwards

Question 34

Where do afferent neurons take information from?

Answer 34

Nerves. Which then transport information to the CNS

Question 35

Where to efferent neurons take information from?

Answer 35

The CNS. which transport information to the muscle fibres throughout the body

Question 36

What 2 components is the autonomic system split into?

Answer 36

Sympathetic nervous system | Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 37

What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 37

"Fight or flight" | This system revs up the body to either defend the body from a threat or escape from the threat

Question 38

What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 38

It is counteractive to the sympathetic nervous system - it brings all systems of the body back to normal