Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

___ is the study of carbon containing compounds in living organisms and non-living organisms.

Answer 1

organic chemistry

Question 2

organic chemistry is the study of ___ in ___ and ___ organisms

Answer 2

carbon containing compounds, living organisms, non-living organisms

Question 3

state other 3 elements that are considered organic substance

hint: H,H,O,N

Answer 3

hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 4

state any 3 example of organic substances

Answer 4

carbon, hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 5

is halogens ( Cl,Br,F ) is considered as organic substances?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

state 2 things that consists of organic compounds

Answer 6

proteins, fats, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, hormones.

Question 7

does enzymes consists of organic compound?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

state 3 characteristics of carbon

hint: s,4,m

Answer 8

• able to create stable bonding
• form 4 covalent bonds
• able to create multiple bond

Question 9

state any 2 characteristics of carbon

Answer 9

• able to create stable bonding
• form 4 covalent bonds
• able to create multiple bond

Question 10

why does a carbon atom is able to create 4 covalent bonds?

Answer 10

has 6 electrovalence

Question 11

state the example of multiple bonds from the characteristics of carbon

Answer 11

• single bond
• double bond
• triple bond

Question 12

when two atoms approach each other closely and a
singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps a singly occupied orbital on the other atom.

the definition above results in __

Answer 12

the forming of a covalent bond

Question 13

how does a covalent bond forms?

hint: 2, close, overlaps, orbital

Answer 13

2 atoms will approach each other closely and a singly occupied orbital on one atom overlaps a singly occupied orbital in the other atom.

Question 14

the forming of a _____ happens when ____ approach each other closely and a
singly _____ on one atom _____ a singly occupied orbital on the other atom.

Answer 14

covalent bond
two atoms
occupied orbital
overlaps

Question 15

in the ____ electrons are paired in the _____ and are attracted to the ___ of both atoms and ____ the atoms together

Answer 15

valence bond theory
overlapping orbitals
nuclei
bonding

Question 16

state 2 characteristics of a sigma bond

hint: 2, end, overlap

Answer 16

• 2 atomic orbital overlap

- end to end overlap

Question 17

state the bond that has an end-to-end overlaping

Answer 17

sigma bond

Question 18

state the bond that has 2 atomic orbital overlap

Answer 18

sigma bond

Question 19

state 2 characteristics of a pi bond

hint: 2, side, overlap

Answer 19

• 2 p orbital overlap

- side by side overlap

Question 20

state the bond that has an side by side overlap

Answer 20

pi bond

Question 21

state the bond that has 2 p orbital overlap

Answer 21

pi bond

Question 22

state the difference between sigma bond and pi bond in terms of orbital overlap

Answer 22

sigma bond: atomic orbital overlap

pi bond: p orbital overlap

Question 23

chemical formula is divided into __

Answer 23

2

Question 24

chemical formula is divided into 2 which is __ & ___

hint: G,S

Answer 24

• general formula

- structural formula

Question 25

general formula is divided into __

Answer 25

2

Question 26

general formula is divided into 2 which is __ & ___ hint: M,E

Answer 26

- molecular formula | - empirical formula

Question 27

structural formula is divided into __

Answer 27

3

Question 28

structural general formula is divided into 3 which is __, __ & ___ hint: S,E,C

Answer 28

- skeletal - expanded - condensed

Question 29

Actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. this is the definition of __

Answer 29

Molecular formula

Question 30

Simplest ratio number of atoms of each element in a molecule. this is the definition of __

Answer 30

Empirical formula

Question 31

Molecular formula is the __ number of __ of each __ in a __

Answer 31

actual atoms element molecule

Question 32

Empirical formula is the __ number of __ of each __ in a ___

Answer 32

simplest ratio atoms element molecule

Question 33

name the structural formula that shows every atom and type of covalent bond in the molecule

Answer 33

expanded structure

Question 34

what does an expanded structure shows in a molecule? hint: a,b

Answer 34

it shows every atom and type of covalent bond in the molecule

Question 35

name the structural formula that only shows the double and triple bond in a molecule

Answer 35

condensed structure

Question 36

what type of bond does the condensed structure shows in a molecule? hint: d,t

Answer 36

double bond and triple bond

Question 37

name the structure that shows both each central atom and atoms bonded to it

Answer 37

condensed structure

Question 38

condensed structure: branches in the carbon chains are indicated in ____

Answer 38

parentheses

Question 39

condensed structure: if a molecule have two or more identical groups, ____ and ___ are used

Answer 39

parentheses and subscript

Question 40

explain 2 characteristics in a condensed structure hint: bonds, atoms, parentheses, subscript

Answer 40

- only double and triple bond are shown | - each central atom is shown together with the atoms bonded to it

Question 41

explain 2 characteristics in a condensed structure hint: parentheses, subscript

Answer 41

- branches in the carbon chain are indicated in parentheses | - parentheses & subscript are used if a molecule has two or more identical group

Question 42

name the structure that doesnt show carbon and hydrogen atoms or C-H bonds unless they are part of the functional group

Answer 42

skeletal structure

Question 43

skeletal structure: doesnt show ___ and ___ atoms or ___ bonds unless they are part of the ____

Answer 43

carbon, hydrogen, C_H, functional group

Question 44

name the bond that indicates a double bond with double lines

Answer 44

skeletal structure

Question 45

name the bond that indicates the presence of a carbon atom at the end of the lines and corners between lines

Answer 45

skeletal structure: