Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

what is organic chemistry

Answer 1

it is the chemistry involving carbon containing compounds

Question 2

what 2 factors do the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds depend on?

Answer 2

1) the number and arrangement of the carbon chain

2) the functional groups in the molecule

Question 3

what is a functional group

Answer 3

a functional group is a specific atom or group which give certain chemical and physical properties to the molecule

Question 4

what is the definition of homologous series

Answer 4

molecules with the same functional group but different number of carbon atolms

Question 5

name 4 main features of the homologous series

Answer 5

1) similar chemical properties

2) trend in physical properties

3) each differs from the next by CH3

4) same general formula

Question 6

what is cycloalkanes general formula

Answer 6

CnH2n

Question 7

definition of molecular formula

Answer 7

the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 8

definition of empirical formula

Answer 8

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 9

definition of general formula

Answer 9

the number of atoms of each element of a substance which has n carbon atoms

Question 10

definition of structural formula

Answer 10

shows how atoms are joined together in a molecule . this can be used to draw the molecule

Question 11

definition of structural formula

Answer 11

shows how atoms are joined together in a molecule . this can be used to draw the molecule

Question 12

definition of displayed formula

Answer 12

shows every atom and every bond in the molecule

Question 13

definition of displayed formula

Answer 13

shows every atom and every bond in the molecule

Question 14

what is added before the numbers when there are 2 alcohol groups

Answer 14

you add an e

Question 15

what is added before the numbers when there are 2 double bonds (alkenes)

Answer 15

add an a

Question 16

what functional group do amines have

Answer 16

-NH2

Question 17

where can the amine -NH2 bond be found in the molecule

Answer 17

anywhere on the chain

Question 18

what functional group do nitriles have

and where is it found

Answer 18

-CN

end of the molecule

Question 19

what are the 2 branches of isomerism

Answer 19

structural and stereoisomerism

Question 20

definition of structural isomers

Answer 20

same molecular formula different structural formula

Question 21

definition of stereoisomers

Answer 21

same structural formula different arrangement in space

Question 22

name the different types of structural isomers

Answer 22

chain
position
functional group

Question 23

name the different types of stereoisomerirsm

Answer 23

1) geometric isomerism (E-Z isomerism)

2) optical isomers

Question 24

where is geometric (E-Z isomerism found?)

Answer 24

only in alkenes

Question 25

definition of chain isomerism

Answer 25

same molecular formula different length of carbon chain (ethyl groups etc)

Question 26

definition of position isomers

Answer 26

same molecular formula and same length carbon chain but functional group is at different positions along the chain

Question 27

definition for functional group isomers

Answer 27

same molecular formula different functional group

Question 28

what is the different functional group for alkenes

Answer 28

cycloalkanes

Question 29

what is the different function group for aldehydes

Answer 29

ketones

Question 30

what is the different functional group for carboxylic acids

Answer 30

esters