Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A compound that consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.

Question 2

What is unsaturated?

Answer 2

Contains atleast one C=C double bond.

Question 3

What is saturated?

Answer 3

Contains C-C single bonds only.

Question 4

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 4

Shows the actual number of each type of atom.

Question 5

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 5

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.

Question 6

What is the general formula?

Answer 6

Algebraic formula for a homologous series.

Question 7

What is the structural formula?

Answer 7

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Question 8

What is the displayed formula?

Answer 8

Shows all the covalent bonds and atoms present in a molecule.

Question 9

How many bonds must each carbon have?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What is the shape around the carbon atom in a saturated hydrocarbon and what is the bond angle?

Answer 10

Tetrahedral and 109.5°.

Question 11

What is the skeletal formula?

Answer 11

Shows just the carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.

Question 12

What is a functional group?

Answer 12

An atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties.

Question 13

What is a homologous series?

Answer 13

Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula.

Question 14

Describe 2 features of a homologous series?

Answer 14

They have the same chemical properties.
They show a gradual change in physical properties e.g boiling point.

Question 15

Suffix for alkane?

Answer 15

-ane

Question 16

Suffix for alkene?

Answer 16

-ene.

Question 17

Suffix for alcohol?

Answer 17

-ol.

Question 18

Prefix for alcohol?

Answer 18

Hydroxy-

Question 19

Prefix for halogenoalkane?

Answer 19

Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-

Question 20

Suffix for aldehyde?

Answer 20

-al.

Question 21

Prefix for aldehyde?

Answer 21

Formyl-

Question 22

Suffix for ketone?

Answer 22

-one.

Question 23

Prefix for ketone?

Answer 23

Oxo-

Question 24

Suffix for carboxylic acid?

Answer 24

-oic acid.

Question 25

Suffix for esters?

Answer 25

-yl -oate.

Question 26

Name the priority list in order.

Answer 26

Carboxylic Acids Aldehydes Ketones Alcohols Alkenes Halogenoalkanes

Question 27

What are words and numbers separated by?

Answer 27

Dashes

Question 28

What are numbers separated by?

Answer 28

Commas

Question 29

If there are 2 double bonds or 3 double bonds present in an alkene, how would you name it?

Answer 29

-diene or -triene. The stem would end in a. e.g penta-1,3-diene.

Question 30

If there are multiple halogens on a halogenoalkane chain, what is the priority order?

Answer 30

List in alphabetical order.

Question 31

What is the functional group for an alkane?

Answer 31

C-C

Question 32

What is the functional group for an alkene?

Answer 32

C=C

Question 33

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

Answer 33

OH

Question 34

What is the functional group of a halogenoalkane?

Answer 34

Halogen

Question 35

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Answer 35

C=O THIS IS CARBON 1

Question 36

What is the functional group of a ketone?

Answer 36

C=O in the middle of the chain.

Question 37

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 37

COOH C=O C-OH THIS IS CARBON 1

Question 38

What is the functional group of an ester?

Answer 38

COO C=O C-O

Question 39

What is the suffix if there are two aldehyde groups present?

Answer 39

Dial

Question 40

If there are two ketone groups then what is the suffix?

Answer 40

Dione

Question 41

If there is a carboxylic acid group on both sides of the chain what is the suffix?

Answer 41

Dioic acid.

Question 42

What is a free radical?

Answer 42

A reactive species which possess an unpaired electron.

Question 43

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 43

Same molecular formula but different structure.

Question 44

What are the 3 types of structural isomers?

Answer 44

Chain isomer Position Isomer Functional Group Isomer

Question 45

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 45

Same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton.

Question 46

What is a position isomer?

Answer 46

Same molecular formula but different structures due to the different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton.

Question 47

What is a functional group isomer?

Answer 47

Same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms to give different functional groups.

Question 48

What is a stereoisomer?

Answer 48

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms.

Question 49

When does E-Z stereoisomerism occur?

Answer 49

1)When there is restricted rotation around the C=C bond. 2)When there are two different groups/atoms attached on both ends of the double bond.

Question 50

How do you name E-Z isomers?

Answer 50

1)Determine the priority groups on both sides of the double bond. 2)Work out if it is E or Z isomerism. The priority group is the one with the bigger atomic number.

Question 51

Can there be a different melting and boiling point if the only difference is the E and Z?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Cl- C=C - Cl H - - H Describe the bonding and boiling point of this?

Answer 52

Polar molecule. C-Cl bonds are on the same side. One side of the molecule is slightly negative. The IMF are both VDW and permanent dipole dipole attractions. Thus higher boiling point.

Question 53

Cl - C=C - H H - - Cl Describe the bonding and boiling point of this.

Answer 53

Non-polar molecule. The C-Cl bonds are on opposite sides of the molecule. The dipoles cancel out. The IMF forces are only VDW so lower boiling point.