Introduction To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

How many covalent bonds does:
1. Carbon
2. Oxygen
3. Hydrogen 
4. Halogen
Form?

Answer 1

1. 4
2. 2
3. 1
4. 1

Question 2

What does saturated mean?

Answer 2

The hydrocarbon contains only carbon to carbon single bonds.

Question 3

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 3

The hydrocarbon contains at least 1 carbon to carbon double bond.

Question 4

What is the difference between aliphatic and alicyclic?

Answer 4

Aliphatic= carbon atoms joined in straight/ branched chains
Alicyclic= carbon atoms joined in rings

Question 5

What is a functional group?

Answer 5

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of an organic compound.

Question 6

What is a homologous series?

Answer 6

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by number of carbons. (CH2)

Question 7

What is IUPAC?

Answer 7

The international system for naming organic compounds.

Question 8

Name the 1st 10 alkanes.

Answer 8

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

Question 9

What are the 1st 10 alkyl side groups called?

Answer 9

Methyl
Ethyl 
Propyl
Butyl
Pentyl
Hexyl
Heptyl
Octyl
Nonyl 
Decyl

Question 10

What happens if there is more than 1 alkyl side group?

Answer 10

They are ordered alphabetically and if it is the same alkyl group di, tri, and tetra are used.

Question 11

What is the formula and suffix for an alkane?

Answer 11

Formula= CnH2n+2
Suffix= ane

Question 12

What is the formula and suffix for an alkene?

Answer 12

Formula= CnH2n
Suffix= ene

Question 13

What is the formula and prefix for a halo hydrocarbon?

Answer 13

Formula- R-F
R-Cl R-Br R-I

Prefix- Bromo, Chloro, Fluoro or Iodo

Question 14

What is the formula, prefix and suffix for an alcohol?

Answer 14

Formula- R-OH
Prefix- Hydroxy or Hydroxin
Suffix- ol

Question 15

What is the formula and suffix for an aldehyde?

Answer 15

Formula- RCHO

Suffix- al

Question 16

What is the formula and suffix and prefix for a Kentone?

Answer 16

Formula- RCOR
Prefix- Oxo
Suffix- one

Question 17

What is the formula and suffix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 17

Formula- RCOOH

Suffix- oic acid

Question 18

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 18

The simplest whole number ration of atoms of each element.

Question 19

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 19

The actual number of each atoms of each element.

Question 20

What is the general formula?

Answer 20

The simplest algebraic formula showing the functional group separately.

Question 21

What is the structural formula?

Answer 21

Shows the atoms by writing groups of atoms in sequence.

Question 22

What is the displayed formula?

Answer 22

Shows the arrangement of the bonds by drawing the atoms and the bonds.

Question 23

What is the skeletal formula?

Answer 23

Shows the hydrocarbon skeleton by leaving out the symbols of C and H and only drawing the bonds between the carbon atoms, it includes the functional group.

Question 24

What is isomerism?

Answer 24

Where compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of their atoms.

Question 25

What is structural isomerism? And what are the 3 types?

Answer 25

When compounds have the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae. Types- Chain, positional and functional group

Question 26

What is chain, positional and fuctional group structural isomerism?

Answer 26

Chain- When the chain can be unbranched or branched Positional- when the functional group is moved along the parent chain Functional group- when the molecular formula is the same but the functional group is different

Question 27

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 27

Each of the covalent Ly bonded atoms takes 1 of the electrons from the shared pair. They become radicals.

Question 28

What is a radical?

Answer 28

A species with an unpaired electron.

Question 29

What is heterolytic fission?

Answer 29

One of the covalently bonded atoms (the one with the greater electronegativity) takes both of the shared electrons forming ions.

Question 30

What is an electrophile? Give an example.

Answer 30

A reagent that attacks an area of high electron density accepting an electron pair and forms a covalent bond. E.g HBr

Question 31

What is a necleophile and give an example.

Answer 31

A reagent that has a lone pair that attacks an electron deficient C atom e.g :OH-

Question 32

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 32

When 2 reactants combine and form 1 product.

Question 33

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 33

When's and atom it group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.

Question 34

What is an elimination reaction?

Answer 34

When 1 reactant forms 2 products.

Question 35

What is a mechanism?

Answer 35

A sequence of steps showing the path taken by electrons as reactants become products. Shown as a series of equations.

Question 36

What does a curly arrow show?

Answer 36

The movement of electron pairs in heterolytic fission. | The tail points to the centre of high electron density and the head points to an electron deficient centre.