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Organic Chemistry > Introduction to Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

define organic chemistry

A

The study of carbon compounds

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2
Q

what is a molecular formula for ?

A

shows the acctual number of atoms in the molecule e.g C2H3

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3
Q

what is the displayed formula for ??

A

shows all of the bonds between atoms

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4
Q

what is the structural formula

A

shows how the atoms are joined in a molecule e.g CH3CH3

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5
Q

what are hydrocarbons ??

A

They contain hydrogen and carbon only

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6
Q

what is the homologous series??

A

family’s of compounds which contain groups of atoms that react in certain ways (function groups) and differ by having an extra CH2 in the middle

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7
Q

What is the name for a chain with one carbon long chain

A

Meth

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8
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is two carbons long

A

Eth

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9
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is three carbons long

A

Prop

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10
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is four carbons long

A

But

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11
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is five carbons long

A

Pent

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12
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is six carbons long

A

Hex

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13
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is seven carbons long

A

Hept

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14
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is eight carbons long

A

Oct

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15
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is nine carbons long

A

Non

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16
Q

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is ten carbons long

A

Dec

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17
Q

When naming alkenes how is the functional group indicated

A

Through a prefix or suffix e.g. Chloroethane

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18
Q

How do you chose the number for a branched group

A

You count from the end that gives the group the lowest number

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19
Q

If there are two or more of the same groups what prefix is used ?

A

Di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, etc are used

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20
Q

What do you do if there is more than one functional group / subsistent

A

The numbers are separated by commas and the groups are listed in alphabetical order (ignoring Di , tri ect. )
E.g. 3-bromo-1-chlorobutane
2,2-dibromo-1-chlorobutane

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21
Q

What is the different between naming alkanes and alkanes

A

Alkanes add “ane” to the end

Alkenes add “ene” to the end

22
Q

List how to go about naming branched chain alkanes

A

1) name the main chain
2) add the name for the side chain (add “yl” on the end)
3) number where the chain is so that it’s the lowest it can be
4) if there are two or more chains present list them in alphabetical order
5) if there are two or more of the same carbon chains use the prefixes
6) use hyphens to separate names and numbers

23
Q

What is structural isomerism

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

24
Q

What is important to remember about skeletal formulas

A

1) every carbon is bonded to hydrogen (not shown) up to a maximum of four times
2) every junction and end has a carbon atom attached (unless it’s a functional group)

25
Q

What are group seven atoms called

A

Halogens

26
Q

What are group seven ions called

A

Hailide

27
Q

What is a halogenated/Kane ?

A

When one or more halogens have taken the place of a Hydrogen or an alkanes

28
Q

Are alkenes hydrocarbons

A

Yep

29
Q

Do alkenes Constance double or single bonds

A

They contain a carbon carbon rubble bond (unsaturated)

30
Q

Are alkenes reactive or unreactive

A

Reactive they are often used to make polymers

31
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

32
Q

What is a cyclohexane

A

Basically when the compounds join together in a circle ( this circle would have six carbons because of HEXane

33
Q

What is a primary (1*) halolkane

A

The carbon joined to hydrogen is only attached to one other alkyl group

34
Q

What is a secondary haloalkane

A

Carbon joined to halogen is attached to two other alkyl groups

35
Q

What is Tertiary haloalkane

A

When carbon joined to hydrogen is attached to three other alkyl groups

36
Q

List the steps to follow when naming alkenes

A

1) find the longest chain that contains the stubble bond
2) name the alkanes but use ene
3) number the carbons so that the double bonds have the lowest possible numbers
4) state the number before the -ene with a dash e.g hex-1-ene
5) name side chains as well

37
Q

Explain the steps to naming a haloalkane

A

1) name the haloalkane by nameing the alkanes and then adding the halogen atom
2) use numbers to show where the halogen is (make sure the number is as low as possible
3) remember to list the groups of the main chain (alphabetically)

38
Q

What is structural isomerism

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

39
Q

What is stereoisomerism

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula and the same structural formula but a different skeletal arrangement

40
Q

For something to be a Z isomer what where do the highest priority groups need to be

A

On the same side (both above or below the double carbon bond )

41
Q

For something to be an E isomer where do the highest priority groups need to be

A

On oppocet sides

42
Q

Does the highest priority group form the name in an isomer

A

Yes

43
Q

List which priority groups are the highest when naming alkanes

A

Alcohol. (Highest)
Alkene
Haloalkane. (Lowest)

44
Q

What two things do there need to be for geometric isomerism to occur

A

1) there must be a double bond

2) both carbons are joined by the dabble bond must have two different groups attached

45
Q

What is C.I.P system

A

Priority assigned using highest masses bonded to C=C

46
Q

What is the formula for percentage mass

A

% mass = total mass of element
————————- X 100
Mass of molecule

47
Q

What are the steps to working out the empirical formula

A

1) write down the elements
2) say you have 100g in total
3) decide each by there atomic mass
4) pick the smallest answer and devide all the other answers by this
5) if the number is odd/ decimal convert to fraction and times everything by that

48
Q

What do you do to work out the molecular formula

A

1) work our the empirical formula

2) for the molecular formula you take the actual mass and see how Kent EF fit into it

49
Q

How many isomers have the molecular formula C5H12

A

3

50
Q

Draw the displayed for a functional group isomer of but-1-ene

A

C - C
/. /
C. - C
(No double bond )

51
Q

In E isomers are is the highest priority groups opposite or on the same side

A

opposite

52
Q

In Z isomers are the highest priority groups opposite or on the same side

A

On the same side

Organic Chemistry (3 decks)

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