Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

define organic chemistry

Answer 1

The study of carbon compounds

Question 2

what is a molecular formula for ?

Answer 2

shows the acctual number of atoms in the molecule e.g C2H3

Question 3

what is the displayed formula for ??

Answer 3

shows all of the bonds between atoms

Question 4

what is the structural formula

Answer 4

shows how the atoms are joined in a molecule e.g CH3CH3

Question 5

what are hydrocarbons ??

Answer 5

They contain hydrogen and carbon only

Question 6

what is the homologous series??

Answer 6

family’s of compounds which contain groups of atoms that react in certain ways (function groups) and differ by having an extra CH2 in the middle

Question 7

What is the name for a chain with one carbon long chain

Answer 7

Meth

Question 8

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is two carbons long

Answer 8

Eth

Question 9

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is three carbons long

Answer 9

Prop

Question 10

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is four carbons long

Answer 10

But

Question 11

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is five carbons long

Answer 11

Pent

Question 12

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is six carbons long

Answer 12

Hex

Question 13

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is seven carbons long

Answer 13

Hept

Question 14

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is eight carbons long

Answer 14

Oct

Question 15

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is nine carbons long

Answer 15

Non

Question 16

What is the name for a chain with a chain that is ten carbons long

Answer 16

Dec

Question 17

When naming alkenes how is the functional group indicated

Answer 17

Through a prefix or suffix e.g. Chloroethane

Question 18

How do you chose the number for a branched group

Answer 18

You count from the end that gives the group the lowest number

Question 19

If there are two or more of the same groups what prefix is used ?

Answer 19

Di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, etc are used

Question 20

What do you do if there is more than one functional group / subsistent

Answer 20

The numbers are separated by commas and the groups are listed in alphabetical order (ignoring Di , tri ect. )
E.g. 3-bromo-1-chlorobutane
2,2-dibromo-1-chlorobutane

Question 21

What is the different between naming alkanes and alkanes

Answer 21

Alkanes add “ane” to the end

Alkenes add “ene” to the end

Question 22

List how to go about naming branched chain alkanes

Answer 22

1) name the main chain
2) add the name for the side chain (add “yl” on the end)
3) number where the chain is so that it’s the lowest it can be
4) if there are two or more chains present list them in alphabetical order
5) if there are two or more of the same carbon chains use the prefixes
6) use hyphens to separate names and numbers

Question 23

What is structural isomerism

Answer 23

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 24

What is important to remember about skeletal formulas

Answer 24

1) every carbon is bonded to hydrogen (not shown) up to a maximum of four times
2) every junction and end has a carbon atom attached (unless it’s a functional group)

Question 25

What are group seven atoms called

Answer 25

Halogens

Question 26

What are group seven ions called

Answer 26

Hailide

Question 27

What is a halogenated/Kane ?

Answer 27

When one or more halogens have taken the place of a Hydrogen or an alkanes

Question 28

Are alkenes hydrocarbons

Answer 28

Yep

Question 29

Do alkenes Constance double or single bonds

Answer 29

They contain a carbon carbon rubble bond (unsaturated)

Question 30

Are alkenes reactive or unreactive

Answer 30

Reactive they are often used to make polymers

Question 31

What is the general formula for alkenes

Answer 31

CnH2n

Question 32

What is a cyclohexane

Answer 32

Basically when the compounds join together in a circle ( this circle would have six carbons because of HEXane

Question 33

What is a primary (1*) halolkane

Answer 33

The carbon joined to hydrogen is only attached to one other alkyl group

Question 34

What is a secondary haloalkane

Answer 34

Carbon joined to halogen is attached to two other alkyl groups

Question 35

What is Tertiary haloalkane

Answer 35

When carbon joined to hydrogen is attached to three other alkyl groups

Question 36

List the steps to follow when naming alkenes

Answer 36

1) find the longest chain that contains the stubble bond 2) name the alkanes but use ene 3) number the carbons so that the double bonds have the lowest possible numbers 4) state the number before the -ene with a dash e.g hex-1-ene 5) name side chains as well

Question 37

Explain the steps to naming a haloalkane

Answer 37

1) name the haloalkane by nameing the alkanes and then adding the halogen atom 2) use numbers to show where the halogen is (make sure the number is as low as possible 3) remember to list the groups of the main chain (alphabetically)

Question 38

What is structural isomerism

Answer 38

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 39

What is stereoisomerism

Answer 39

Molecules with the same molecular formula and the same structural formula but a different skeletal arrangement

Question 40

For something to be a Z isomer what where do the highest priority groups need to be

Answer 40

On the same side (both above or below the double carbon bond )

Question 41

For something to be an E isomer where do the highest priority groups need to be

Answer 41

On oppocet sides

Question 42

Does the highest priority group form the name in an isomer

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

List which priority groups are the highest when naming alkanes

Answer 43

Alcohol. (Highest) Alkene Haloalkane. (Lowest)

Question 44

What two things do there need to be for geometric isomerism to occur

Answer 44

1) there must be a double bond | 2) both carbons are joined by the dabble bond must have two different groups attached

Question 45

What is C.I.P system

Answer 45

Priority assigned using highest masses bonded to C=C

Question 46

What is the formula for percentage mass

Answer 46

% mass = total mass of element ------------------------- X 100 Mass of molecule

Question 47

What are the steps to working out the empirical formula

Answer 47

1) write down the elements 2) say you have 100g in total 3) decide each by there atomic mass 4) pick the smallest answer and devide all the other answers by this 5) if the number is odd/ decimal convert to fraction and times everything by that

Question 48

What do you do to work out the molecular formula

Answer 48

1) work our the empirical formula | 2) for the molecular formula you take the actual mass and see how Kent EF fit into it

Question 49

How many isomers have the molecular formula C5H12

Answer 49

3

Question 50

Draw the displayed for a functional group isomer of but-1-ene

Answer 50

C - C /. / C. - C (No double bond )

Question 51

In E isomers are is the highest priority groups opposite or on the same side

Answer 51

opposite

Question 52

In Z isomers are the highest priority groups opposite or on the same side

Answer 52

On the same side