Introduction to Pain Management Lecture 1 Flashcards
(52 cards)
According to Cascade of Pain Classification:
How is “Longevity” classified?
Acute and Chronic
Define Pain (as by the International Association for the Study of Pain)
“An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage”
According to Cascade of Pain Classification, how long is pain endured to be considered “Acute”?
Acute is considered less than 3- 6 months
According to Cascade of Pain Classification, how long is pain endured to be considered “Chronic”?
Chronic is greater than 3- 6 months
According to Cascade of Pain Classification, how is the underlying pathophysiology classified as?
Nociceptive and Non-Nociceptive
Nociceptive pain is classified into what two categories?
Somatic and Viceral
*Associated with the stimulation of specific nociceptors and can be either somatic or viceral
Non-nociceptive pain is classified into what two categories?
Neuropathic and Idiopathic or Psychogenic
How is nociceptive, Somatic pain defined as?
Pain that has an identifiable locus as a result of tissue damage causing the release of chemicals from injured cells that mediate pain
What are the characteristics of nociceptive, Somatic pain?
What is an example of Somatic pain?
- Well localized (Type A nerve fibers)
- Sharp pain in nature
- Generally hurts at the point or area of stimulus
Example: A pin prick
How is nociceptive, Viceral pain defined as?
Diffuse and can be referred to another area of the body. It is often associated with distention of an organ capsule or the obstruction of a hollow viscus. Also, it is often accompanied with autonomic reflexes such as nausea, diarrhea, or vomitting
What are the characteristics of nociceptive, Viceral pain?
What is an example of Viceral pain?
- Dull
- Cramping
- Squeezing
- Often vague in nature
- Pressure pain that may radiate
Example: Generalized abdominal pain with nausea and vomitting for an appendicitis
How is non-nociceptive, Neuropathic pain defined as?
Caused by damage to peripheral or central neural structures resulting in abnormal processing of painful stimuli
What are the characteristics of non-nociceptive, Neuropathic pain?
What is an example of Neuropathic pain?
- Burning - Tingling
- Shock-like - Stabbing sensation
- Numbness - “Pins and Needles” sensation
- Throbbing sensation
Example: “Boot toe”
How is non-nociceptive, Idiopathic or Psychogenic pain defined as?
Associated with chronic pain states and is used to describe pain that has no apparent cause. Neither nociceptive or non-nociceptive mechanisms can be identified as the cause for pain, and psychological systems are commonly present
What is Algesia?
Increased sensitivity to pain
If it is “pain producing”, it is considered:
Algogenic
What is Allodynia?
Where a normally non-harmful stimulus is perceived as painful
The absence of pain in the presence of a normally painful stimulus is the definition of _________.
Analgesia
What is Dysesthesia?
An unpleasant painful abnormal sensation, whether evoked or spontaneous
A heightened response to a normally painful stimulus is considered to be ___________.
Hyperalgesia
What is Neuralgia?
Pain in the distribution of a peripheral nerve(s)
This is the abnormal disturbance in the function of a nerve(s)
Neuropathy
What is Parathesia?
An abnormal sensation, whether evoked or spontaneous
What are the FOUR processes that define Nociceptive Somatic Pain?
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Perception
- Modulation
