Introduction to Parasites

Question 1

What is a parasite?

Answer 1

an organism which lives in or on another organism

Question 2

host

Answer 2

an organism that harbours the parasite

Question 3

Symbiosis

Answer 3

living together, close, long term interaction bewteen 2 different species.

Question 4

Mutualism

Answer 4

an association in which both species benefit from the interaction

Question 5

Parasitism

Answer 5

an association in which the parasite derived benefit and the host gets nothing in return but always suffers some injury.

Question 6

commensalism

Answer 6

an association in which the parasite only is deriving benefit without causing injury to the host.

Question 7

living together, close, long term interaction between 2 different species

Answer 7

Symbiosis

Question 8

An association in which both species benefit from the interaction

Answer 8

mutualism

Question 9

An association in which the parasite derives benefit and the host gets nothing in return but always suffers some injury

Answer 9

Parasitism

Question 10

An association in which the parasite gets benefit without causing injury tot he host

Answer 10

commensalism

Question 11

Definitive host

Answer 11

harbours adult stage of parasite or the stage when the parasite is reproducing.

Question 12

Intermediate host

Answer 12

harbours the lava or asexual stage of the parasite

Question 13

Paratenic host

Answer 13

host where parasite remains viable without further development

Question 14

What type of host harbours the adult stage of the parasite or the stage in which the parasite is reproducint

Answer 14

Definitive host

Question 15

What type of host harbours the larva or asecual stages of the parasite

Answer 15

Intermediate host

Question 16

In what type of the host does the parsite remain viable without further development?

Answer 16

Paratenic host

Question 17

what are the 2 main umbrella divisions of parasites/

Answer 17

2) Protozoa (micro-parasites)

3) Helminths (macro-parasites)

Question 18

What term is given to micro-parasites?

Answer 18

Protozoa

Question 19

What term is given to Macro-parasites?

Answer 19

Helminths

Question 20

What type of parasites are :

• flagellates
• amoeboids
• sporozoans
• trypanosomes

Answer 20

Protozoa (micro parasites)

Question 21

What type of parasite is Giardia Lamblia

Answer 21

Giardia Lamblia is a Flagellate (protozoa - micro parasite)

Question 22

What type of parasite id entamoeba sp / acanthamoeba sp.

Answer 22

Amoeboids (protozoa - micro parasites)

Question 23

What type of parasite are the following:

1) Plasmodium sp
2) Toxoplasma sp

Answer 23

Sporozoans (Protozoa - micro parasites)

Question 24

what type of parasites are cryptosporidium sp, cyclospora sp, isospora sp, plasmodium sp, toxoplasma sp.

Answer 24

Sporozoans

Question 25

What type of parasites are the following 1) Trypanosoma sp 2) Leishmania sp

Answer 25

Trypanosomes

Question 26

Give an example of a flagellate

Answer 26

Giardia Lamblia

Question 27

Give an example of an amoeboid?

Answer 27

Entamoeba sp | Acanthamoeba sp

Question 28

Give an example of a sporozoans?

Answer 28

``` Plasmodium sp Cryptosporidium so cyclospora sp Isospora sp Toxoplasma sp ```

Question 29

Give an example of a trypanosomes

Answer 29

Trypanosoma sp | Leishmania sp

Question 30

What are the 2 subdivisions of Helminths?

Answer 30

-Platyhelminths (flatworms) -Nematodes (round worms)

Question 31

What type of parasites are Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (flukes)?

Answer 31

Platyhelminths (flatworms)

Question 32

Taenia sp, Echinococcus sp, Hymenolepis sp are examples of ....

Answer 32

Cestodes (tapeworms ) which are Platyhelminths (flatworms)

Question 33

``` What type of parasites are the following: Schistosoma sp Fasciola sp Fasciolopsis sp. Paragonimus sp. ```

Answer 33

Trematodes (flukes) which belong to the platyhelminths (flatworm) family

Question 34

Ascaris sp, Trichuris sp, Necator sp and ancylostoma sp are ....

Answer 34

Intestinal nematodes which are round worms part of the helminth family

Question 35

What type of parasites are the following: - wuchereria sp. - brugia sp. - onchocerca sp. - loa loa

Answer 35

Tissue nematodes (helminths)

Question 36

What is Ascariasis?

Answer 36

Ascariasis: Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by Ascaris lumbricoides. - MACROparasite: Intestinal nematode (round worm) - acquired by ingestion of eggs (areas of poor hygiene)

Question 37

What are the clinical manifestations of Ascariasis?

Answer 37

Infects the small intestine. Migrates into hepatobiliary tree and pancreas. Causes intestinal obstruction. Also migrates to lungs causing loefflers syndrome - dry cough, dyspnea, wheeze, haemoptysis, eosinophilic pneumonitis

Question 38

What is Loefflers syndrome and what infection is it seen in?

Answer 38

Loefflers syndrome is a mix of dry cough, dyspnea, wheeze, haemoptysis and eosinophili pneumonitis. It is seen in Ascariasis (infection of small intestine)

Question 39

What is Schistosomiasis?

Answer 39

Schistosomiasis aka Bilharzia disease. The urinary tract / intestines may be infected. abdominal pain, diarrhoea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. Caused by Trematode (fluke) which belongs to the Platyhelminth (flatworm) family. Those who have been infected a long time : liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer.

Question 40

What type of bladder cancer is caused by schistosomiasis?

Answer 40

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of bladder

Question 41

What is Praziquantel used to treat?

Answer 41

Schistosomiasis

Question 42

What is Hydatid disease

Answer 42

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm (platyhelminth family ) of the genus Echinococcus.

Question 43

What are the usual hosts of hydatid disease?

Answer 43

Sheep and dogs

Question 44

What is Malaria?

Answer 44

Malaria is caused by plasmodium ( of the sporozoan, protozoa family) **CAUSES RUPTUR OF RBCs, block capillaries and cause inflammatory reaction. - fever/rigors - renal failure - confusion,headache - hypoglycaemia - pulmonary oedema - circulatory collapse - anaemia, bleeding

Question 45

How is Malaria diagnoses?

Answer 45

PCR - detection of malaria DNA

Question 46

What is caused by cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 46

Diarrhoeal disease | watery diarrhoea + mucus - no blood -bloating, cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting.

Question 47

What causes cryptosporidiosis?

Answer 47

Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis

Question 48

What type of drugs are the following: - metronidazole - nitazoxanide - pyrimethamine - antimalarials

Answer 48

Anti Protozoal

Question 49

``` what type of drugs are the following: Albendazole Mebendazole Ivermectin Praziquantel ```

Answer 49

Anti Helminthic