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RPD11803-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS > Introduction to Pharmacy > Flashcards

Introduction to Pharmacy Flashcards

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1
Q

DEFINITION

Pharmacy

A

The art, practices or profession of preparing, preserving, compounding, and dispensing medical drugs.

basic definition

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2
Q

DEFINITION

PHARMACY

A

A place where medicine are compounded or dispensed.

Merriam-Webster

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3
Q

DEFINITION

PHARMACOLOGY

A

Thr science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

Merriam-Webster

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4
Q

DEFINITION

MEDICINE

A

A substance or preparation used in treating disease.

Merriam-Webster

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5
Q

DEFINITION

DRUG

A

A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, miligation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Merriam-Webster

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6
Q

DEFINITION

Pharmaceutics

A

The science of preparing, using or dispensing medicines, converts a drug into medicine.

Merriam-Webster

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7
Q

HOSPITAL

Two types of Hospital

A

Public hospital
Private hospital

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8
Q

Community Pharmacies

Two example community pharmacies

A

Chain pharmacy
Independent pharmacy

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9
Q

Dosage Form

A

Capsule
Tablet

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10
Q

PHARMACOLOGY

Phamacokinetics

A

drug action to the body at the affected part

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11
Q

PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacodynamics

A

body reacts to the drug to cure affected part

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12
Q

HISTORY

FIVE era in history of pharmacy

A
  1. Ancient Era
  2. Empiric Era
  3. Industrialization Era
  4. Patient Care Era
  5. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era
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13
Q

HISTORY

Ancient Era start

A

The beginning of time to the AD 1600

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14
Q

HISTORY

Empiric Era start

A

1600-1940

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15
Q

HISTORY

Industrialization Era start

A

1940-1970

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16
Q

HISTORY

Patient Care Era start

A

1970-present

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17
Q

HISTORY

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era start

A

The new horizon

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18
Q

HISTORY

SEVEN continent under Ancient Era

E.B.C.E.I.G.IP

A
  1. Early Human Practice
  2. Babylonia
  3. China
  4. Egypt
  5. India
  6. Greece
  7. Islamic Pharmacy
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19
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

How ancient human learned ?

EARLY HUMAN PRACTICES

A

from observing their environtment and acting on instinct

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20
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What they discovered through trial, error, observation ?

EARLY HUMAN PRACTICES

A

effective plant and medical remidies and began sharing this knowledge

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21
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What was kept in Babylonia ?

BABYLONIA

A

The earliest known record of the practice of pharmacy

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22
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What roles that were often combined into one individual ?

BABYLONIA

A

priest, physician, pharmacist

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23
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

What Emperor Shen Nung did ?

CHINA

A
  • researched the medical value of several hundred herbs
  • wrote the first Pen T-Shao, recording 365 drugs
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24
Q

HISTORY (Ancient Era)

Whose conducted the practice of pharmacy ?

EGYPT

A
  1. echelons
  2. chiefs of fabrication

1. similar to pharmacy technicians
2. similar to pharmacists

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25
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What 'an Egyptian pharmaceutical document' refers to ? | Egypt
The Papyrus Ebers
26
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) The Papyrus Ebers contains | Egypt
contains 800 prescriptions with 700 unique drugs
27
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Name of an ancient Indian manuscript | India
The Charaka Samhita
28
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) The Charaka Samhita contains | India
records more that 2000 drugs
29
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) A medicinal clay tablets were called | Greece
Terra Sigillata
30
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Terra Sigillata | Greece
The first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark
31
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Who is Father of Medicine | Greece
Hippocrates
32
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What does Hippocrates did ? | Greece ## Footnote Father of Medicine
liberated medicine from mysticism and positioned it as a branch of science.
33
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Who is Father of Botany ? | Greece
Theophrastus
34
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What Thephrastus did ? | Greece ## Footnote Father of Botany
Early philospher and natural scientist who wrote about medicinal qualities of herbs
35
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Who is Father of Toxicology | Greece
Mithridates
36
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What Mithridates did ? | Greece ## Footnote Father of Toxicology
Studied the adverse effects of plants
37
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Who is Father of Pharmacology ? | Greece
Dioscorides
38
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What Diocorides did ? | Greece ## Footnote Father of Pharmacology
wrote "De Materia Medice" about herbal medicine
39
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Who wrote "De methodo medendi" (On the Art of Healing) ? | Greece
Galen
40
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What is the cointain of "De Methodo Medendi" | Greece ## Footnote On the Art of Healing
had a significant impact on medicine and pharmacy
41
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Twin brothers and saints of pharmacy and medicine | Greece
Cosmos and Damien
42
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) What did Cosmos and Damien symbolize ? | Greece
symbolizing the close relationship between pharmacy and medicine ## Footnote between two fields
43
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) First Pharmacy was located in this location | Islamic Pharmacy
Baghdad
44
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) The first Pharmacy in Baghdad known as | Islamic Pharmacy
the "saydalāniyyah"
45
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) the "Saydalāniyyah" established | Islamic Pharmacy
745 under the Abbasid caliphate during the Islamic Golden Age
46
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Two professions that had the clear-cut separation | Islamic Pharmacy
Physicians and Pharmacist
47
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Time the clear-cut separtion was done | Islamic Pharmacy
800 A.D in Abbasid Caliphate
48
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) People who translanted and expanded upon Greek and Roman medical texts | Islamic Pharmacy
Islamic scholars
49
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Islamic scholars actions | Islamic Pharmacy
advancing pharmaceutical knowledge
50
# HISTORY (Ancient Era) Islamic scholars made a development of | Islamic Pharmacy
formularies and advancements in dosage forms
51
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) a regulatory tool for pharmacists to standarize medicines | Empiric Era (1600-1940)
The pharmacopeia
52
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) Continent where The Pharmacopeia used | Empiric Era (1600-1940)
Continental Europe
53
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) Started the first hospital in 1751 with a pharmacy
Benjamin Franklin
54
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) First hospital pharmacist
Jonathan Roberts
55
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) Father of American Pharmacy
William Practor
56
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) William Practor introduced | Father of American Pharmacy
control into the practice of pharmacy in America
57
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) Chemicals that identified in this era | Empiric Era (1600-1940) ## Footnote Na₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄, ZnCl₂, O₂, N₂, C₃H₈O₃, NH₃
sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, zinc chloride, oxygen, nitrogen, glycerin, ammonia etc.
58
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) Medicines that identified | Empiric Era 1600-1940
quinine, caffeine, morphine, atropine, niacin, adrenaline, penicilin, and phenobarbital
59
# HISTORY (Empiric Era) Empiric Era was the beginning of | Empiric Era 1600-1940
organic chemistry
60
# HISTORY (Industrialization Era) Shift from small-scale manufacturing to | 1940-1970
rapid mass production of medicines
61
# HISTORY (Industrialization Era) Advancements in | 1940-1970
standardization, biologically prepared products, complex chemical synthesis, and increased use of parenteral medications.
62
# HISTORY (Industrialization Era) Proliferation of research into | 1940-1970
medicines and their effects
63
# HISTORY (Patient Care Era) Focus on research | 1970-present ## Footnote by pharmaceutical manufacturers
to develop new medicines
64
# HISTORY (Patient Care Era) Leading to adverse reactions, drug interactions, and varying outcomes with sub- or supertherapeutic doses.
Development of many new drugs
65
# HISTORY (Patient Care Era playing a role as therapeutic advisors and patient advocates | 1970-present
Pharmacists
66
# HISTORY (Patient Care Era) Pharmacists began playing these roles for | 1970-present
ensuring maximum outcomes with minimal harmful effects from drug therapy
67
# HISTORY (Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era) Ongoing research in | The New Horizon
biotechnology and gene therapy
68
# HISTORY (Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era) Production of medications through | The New Horizon
recombinant DNA technology
69
# HISTORY (Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Era) New therapies of conditions introduced | The New Horizon
cancer, anemia, and hepatitis
70
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Definition) Definition of a Pharmacist
A healthcare professional licensed to prepare, dispense, and provide clinical information on medications to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutics
71
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Role) Pharmacists are medication experts who play a vital role in patient care by
optimizing medication use and promoting health, wellness, and disease prevention.
72
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Education) Requirement to be a pharmacist
degree in pharmacy
73
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Licensing Requirements) Examinations
passing the Qualifying Examination to Practice Pharmacy
74
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Licensing Requirements) Training for 1 year in
Provisionally Registered Pharmacist (PRP)
75
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Poison License) Fully Registered Pharmacists (FRP)
eligible to hold specific types of poison licenses
76
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Poison License) Licenses are necessary for | 3 points
* operating a pharmacy * running a factory that manufactures drugs or animal feed containing drugs * distributing, selling, importing, and exporting drugs and certain chemicals
77
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of pharmacist) 1. Dispensing Medications | 4 points
* accurately prepare, label, and dispense prescription and over-the-counter medications * verify prescription orders for accuracy and appropriateness * check for potential drug interactions, allergies, and contraindications * ensure correct dosages and administration routes
78
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of pharmacist) 2. Patient Counseling | 4 Points
* provide detailed information about prescribed medications, including usage, side effects, and storage * advise on the correct administration of medications, such as timing and whether to take with food * educate patients on the importance of following their medication regimen * offer advice of diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and other lifestyle factors that impact health
79
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key responsibilities of pharmacist) (3) Medication Therapy Management (MTM) | 3 POINTS
* conduct thorough reviews of patients medication regimens to identify and resolve issues * collaborate with healthcare providers to optimize medication therapy based on guidelines and patient-specific factors * monitor therapeutic outcomes and adjust treatment as needed to achieve desired health outcomes
80
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of Pharmacist) (Key responsibilities of pharmacist) (4) Clinical Services | 3 POINTS
* participate in direct patient care activities in various healthcare settings * work closely with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to develop and implement patient care plans * provide specialized clinical services in areas such as oncology, psychiatric, infectious diseases, and more. ## Footnote 1. (e.g., hospitals, clinics) 3. oncology (chemotherapy) psychiatric (mental) infectious diseases (aids, tubocolosis)
81
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of Pharmacist) (5) Educate Health Professionals | 1 Point
provide education to other healthcare providers on the rational and effective use of medications
82
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST (Key Responsibilities of Pharmacist) (6) Procurement and Inventory Management | 1 Point
oversee the precurement and manage the inventory of drugs to ensure an adequate and timely supply
83
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT Pharmacist Assistant | DEFINITION OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT
A healthcare professional who supports pharmacists in their daily tasks, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of a pharmacy ## Footnote * assist with the preparation and dispensing of medications, provide customer service, and perform administrative and inventory management tasks.
84
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT Requirement to be a Pharmacist Assistant | Education
Diploma in pharmacy
85
# ROLES OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (1) Assisting pharmacists in dispensing medications | RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACY ASSISTANT ## Footnote 3 POINTS
* prepare medications for dispensing, including counting, measuring, and packaging drugs * label prescriptions accurately with dosage instructions and other necessary information * perform checks to ensure the accuracy of prepared medications before final pharmacist verification
86
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (2) Assisting pharmacists in managing inventory | RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACY ASSISTANT ## Footnote 3 POINTS
* monitor and manage the inventory of medications and supplies * ensure that shelves are stocked and organized, with medications properly labeled and stored * track medication expiration dates and remove expired products from inventory
87
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (3) Customer service | RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT ## Footnote 2 POINTS
* provide information about medicatiion availability and answer general inquiries * assist patients with over-the-counter (OTC) medication selections and provide usage information ## Footnote OTC : retail pharmacy e.g., panadol, gaviscon.
88
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (4) Prepare medicines | RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT ## Footnote 1 point
compound medications when commercially available preparations are not available
89
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (5) Assisting pharmacists in preparing sterile products | RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT ## Footnote 1 POINT
prepare sterile products to ensure patient safety and adherence to quality standards
90
# ROLE OF THE PHARMACIST ASSISTANT (6) Health education | RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHARMACIST ASSISTANT ## Footnote 1 POINT
provide patients with educational materials and information on medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and disease prevention
91
# IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE (1) Medication Management | 2 POINTS
* pharmacists ensure the correct preparation, despensing, and administration of medications * play a critical role in preventing medications errors and adverse drug interactions | Preparation - doctor Dispensing - assistant Administration - nurse
92
# IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE (2) Patient Safety | 2 POINTS
* pharmacists monitor patient responses to medications and provide guidance on their safe use * contribute to medication safety medication safety programs and advers event reporting
93
# IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE (3) Healthcare Accessibility | 2 POINTS
* community pharmacies serve as accessible healthcare hubs for medication dispensing and health services * provide essential health screenings, immunizations, and wellness programs
94
# IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE (4) Patient Education | 2 POINTS
* pharmacists educate patients on the proper use of medications and adherence to treatment regimens * offer counseling on lifestyle changes and preventive care
95
# IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE (5) Public Health | 2 POINTS
* pharmacists participate in public health initiatives, including vaccination programs and health awareness campaings * contribute to the management of chronic diseases and infectious outbreaks
96
# IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACY IN HEALTHCARE (6) Interprofessional Collaboration | 2 POINTS
* pharmacists work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to optimize patient care * participate in multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive health services

RPD11803-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS (2 decks)

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