Introduction to Physical Geology

Question 1

The science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth.

Answer 1

Geology

Question 2

What does the Greek word “geo” mean?

Answer 2

Earth

Question 3

What does the Greek word “logos” mean?

Answer 3

Discourse

Question 4

What are the two branches of Geology?

Answer 4

Physical and Historical Geology

Question 5

What are the two branches of Physical Geology?

Answer 5

Endogenous and Exogenous Geology

Question 6

It deals with the internal dynamics of the earth.

Answer 6

Endogenous Geology

Question 7

It is concerned with the movement of earth’s crust, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions form the preview of this branch.

Answer 7

Endogenous Geology

Question 8

It is further divided into the following sub-branches: Geotectonics, Metamorphism, Magmatism, Volcanism, and Seismology.

Answer 8

Endogenous Geology

Question 9

It deals with external dynamics.

Answer 9

Exogenous Geology

Question 10

It is focused on the formation and development of seas, rivers, streams, landforms (underground water), erosion, weathering, and all sedimentary and allied processes.

Answer 10

Exogenous Geology

Question 11

It can be further divided into the following sub-branches: Weathering and Mass Wasting; Oceanography; Marine Geology; Hydrogeology; Glaciology; Limnology.

Answer 11

Exogenous Geology

Question 12

The gases that envelop the Earth.

Answer 12

Atmosphere

Question 13

The water on or near Earth’s surface.

Answer 13

Hydrosphere

Question 14

All of the living or once-living material on Earth

Answer 14

Biosphere

Question 15

Also known as solid Earth system

Answer 15

Geosphere

Question 16

The loop that involves the processes by which one rock type changes to another.

Answer 16

Rock Cycle

Question 17

It is a mixture of decomposed and disintegrated rock (geosphere), and organic matter (biosphere), through its exposure to air (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere).

Answer 17

Soil

Question 18

Is driven by heat moving from the hot interior of the Earth toward the cooler exterior.

Answer 18

Earth’s internal heat engine

Question 19

Is driven by solar power.

Answer 19

Earth’s external heat engine

Question 20

Earth’s two principal divisions

Answer 20

Continents and Ocean basins

Question 21

Rocks high in FELDSPAR and SILICON can be found in CONTINENTAL CRUST.

Answer 21

Felsic

Question 22

Rocks high in MAGNESIUM and IRON can be found in OCEANINIC CRUST

Answer 22

Mafic

Question 23

Outer layer of rock, which forms a thin skin on Earth’s surface.

Answer 23

Crust

Question 24

Lies below the crust, which is a thick shell of rock that separates the crust above from the core below.

Answer 24

Mantle

Question 25

Central zone of Earth. It is metallic and is the source of Earth’s magnetic field.

Answer 25

Core

Question 26

Outer shell of Earth that is relatively strong and brittle. It makes up the plates of plate-tectonic theory.

Answer 26

Lithosphere

Question 27

Bottom portion of the mantle, soft and therefore flows more readily than the underlying mantle. It provides a “lubricating” layer over which the lithosphere moves.

Answer 27

Asthenosphere

Question 28

Very hot, with gradual flow of convection currents, a circulation pattern in which low-density material rises and high-density material sinks.

Answer 28

Mesosphere

Question 29

Surface and subsurface features reveal dynamic processes.

Answer 29

Plate Tectonics

Question 30

The study of the origin and arrangement of the broad structural features of Earth’s surface, including not only folds and faults but also mountain belts, continents, and earthquake belts.

Answer 30

Tectonics

Question 31

The forces generated inside the Earth as the effect of internal heat.

Answer 31

Tectonic forces

Question 32

The idea that continents move freely over Earth’s surface, changing their positions relative to one another. It was not widely accepted for more than 50 years because driving mechanism unknown.

Answer 32

Continental drift

Question 33

It is sandwiched between the Eurasian plate and Pacific plate has convergent boundary.

Answer 33

Philippine Sea plate

Question 34

Boundary between PLATES THAT ARE MOVING APART, it can occur in the middle of the ocean or in the middle of a continent.

Answer 34

Divergent plate boundary

Question 35

between plates that are MOVING TOWARD EACH OTHER resulting to destruction of ocean floor, creation and growth of mountain range with volcanoes. This results to Earth’s greatest earthquakes and tsunamis.

Answer 35

Convergent Plate boundary

Question 36

two plates MOVE HORIZONTALLY PAST EACH OTHER. No creation or destruction of lithosphere and results to small to large earthquake. In transform boundaries the plate motion can occur on a single fault or on a group of parallel faults.

Answer 36

Transform Plate boundary