Introduction to physiology -pharmacology

Question 1

What is pharmacology?

Answer 1

The study of the effects of drugs on the function of living systems

Question 2

what is a drug?

Answer 2

A drug can be defined as a chemical substance of known structure other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect

Question 3

what is pharmacokinetics ?

Answer 3

What the body does to the drug (pharmacokinetics)
*
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), elimination, bioavailability

Question 4

what is pharmacodynamics ?

Answer 4

What the drug does to the body (pharmacodynamics)
*
Drug target, mechanism of drug action, drug affinity, drug efficacy, drug selectivity, potency, concentration-response relationship, drug safety, drug tolerance

Question 5

Definitions
of life?

Answer 5


Reproduction

Movement

Metabolism

Excitability

Adaptibility

Question 6

Organ systems for COMMUNICATION ?

Answer 6


Nervous
system

Endocrine
system

Question 7

Organ systems for TRANSPORT ?

Answer 7


Cardiovascular
system

Respiratory
system

Gastrointestinal system

Urinary
system

Question 8

Organ systems for MOVEMENT ?

Answer 8


Locomotor system

Question 9

Organ systems for REPRODUCTION ?

Answer 9


Reproductive system

Question 10

Organ systems for DEFENSE ?

Answer 10


Immune system

Question 11

Homeostasis?

Answer 11

Temperature
changes

Blood
volume

Oxygen
availability shortage

Energy
turnover shortage

Physical
activity

Gravitational
changes

Micro
organisms

Question 12

what does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 12

Transportation of:
*
O
2
*
CO
2
*
Nutrients
*
Waste
*
Hormones
*
Heat
Protection against
infection
Stabilization of:
*
pH
*
Ions
*
Body fluids
*
Osmolarity
Create pressure from
force
*
Filtration

Question 13

The cardiac cycle ?

Answer 13

1.
Diastole. SL valves (the
pulmonary valve and the aortic
valve) closed, the AV valves (the
mitral valve and the tricuspid
valve) open, and the whole heart
is relaxed.

2.
Diastole. The atrium contracts,
and blood flows from atrium to the
ventricle.

3.
Systole. “ Isovolumic
contraction” is when the
ventricles begin to contract,
the AV and SL valves close.

4.
Systole. “Ventricular
ejection,” is when the
ventricles are contracting and
emptying, and the SL valves
are open.

5.
Systole. Isovolumic relaxation
time”, pressure decreases, no
blood enters the ventricles, the
ventricles stop contracting and
begin to relax, and the SL valves
close due to the pressure of blood
in the aorta.

Question 14

Conduction system of the heart ?

Answer 14

1.sinoatrial node (SA)
2.atriventricular node ( AV)
3.atrioventricular bundle ( bundle of Hiss)
4. Right and left bundle branches
5. Conduction myofibers ( punkinje fibers)

Question 15

ECG QRS= ?

Answer 15

Ventricular depolarization
Atrial repolarization

Question 16

ECG P=?

Answer 16

Atrial depolarization

Question 17

ECG T=?

Answer 17

Ventricular repolarization