Introduction to Research (Exam 1)

Question 1

PICO Model

Answer 1

Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

Group of Patients

Question 3

Intervention

Answer 3

Main Intervention

Question 4

Comparison

Answer 4

Main Alternative

Question 5

Outcome

Answer 5

Relieve or eliminate symptoms?

What are you trying to do for the patient?

Question 6

Evidence Based Medicine Encompasses

Answer 6

Philosophy, Clinical Strategy, Application

Question 7

Concise summaries of the best available evidence.

Answer 7

Systematic Review

Question 8

Research that derives data from observation interviews or verbal interactions.

Answer 8

Qualitative

Question 9

Research based on collected objective data that can be subjected to statistical analysis.

Answer 9

Quantitative

Question 10

Variable is manipulated.

Answer 10

Experimental

Question 11

Variable not manipulated.

Answer 11

Non-experimental

Question 12

Manipulated by researcher. Example: intervention, treatment.

Answer 12

Independent

Question 13

Determines the outcome that is being evaluated. Example: Strength, balance, function.

Answer 13

Dependent

Question 14

Independent variable controlled manipulation by researcher.

Answer 14

Experimental

Question 15

Subjects are randomly assigned to two or more groups.

Answer 15

True Experimental

Question 16

Does not receive new treatment and serves as baseline for interpretation of results.

Answer 16

Control Group

Question 17

Does receive new treatment.

Answer 17

Experimental Group

Question 18

Subjects not randomly assigned to groups.

Answer 18

Quasi Experimental

Question 19

No manipulation independent variable.

Answer 19

Non-experimental

Question 20

In-depth investigation of an individual, a group, or institution.

Answer 20

Case Studies

Question 21

Measure of association.

Answer 21

Correlation Research

Question 22

+ Value

Answer 22

As one increases so does the other.

Question 23

• Value

Answer 23

Inverse realtionship

Question 24

Closer to 1.

Answer 24

Stronger relationship.

Question 25

- 1

Answer 25

Perfect correlation.

Question 26

The consistency of repeated measurements of the same observation by the same rater. Example: Same person.

Answer 26

Intrarater Reliability

Question 27

The consistency of repeated measurements of the same observation by different raters. Example: Between two person.

Answer 27

Interrater Reliability

Question 28

The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

Answer 28

Validity

Question 29

The degree to which change on the dependent variable is directed a result of manipulation of the independent variable and not some other variable.

Answer 29

Internal

Question 30

The degree to which results are generalizable to individuals outside the experimental study.

Answer 30

External

Question 31

Group of all elements to be studies.

Answer 31

Population

Question 32

Subgroup of population.

Answer 32

Sample

Question 33

The percentage of individuals with a particular diagnosis that are correctly identified as positive.

Answer 33

Sensitivity

Question 34

The percentage of individuals without a particular diagnosis that are correctly identified as negative.

Answer 34

Specificity

Question 35

An untreated subject experiences a change simply from participating in a research study.

Answer 35

Hawthorne Effect (Placebo Effect)

Question 36

A statement of belief about a population's parameters.

Answer 36

Hypothesis

Question 37

Mean

Answer 37

Average

Question 38

The middle value among some scores of a variable.

Answer 38

Median

Question 39

The most frequent response or value for a variable.

Answer 39

Mode

Question 40

The value between the minimum and maximum values of variable.

Answer 40

Range

Question 41

A standardized measure of distance from the mean.

Answer 41

The Standard Deviation

Question 42

Categories are very broad and each participant in the study will fit into only one of these categories.

Answer 42

Nomial

Question 43

Classifies and ranks data in terms of degree to which they have a common characteristic.

Answer 43

Ordinal

Question 44

Requires an investigator to indent the parameters of a population.

Answer 44

Probability Sampling

Question 45

Subjects are selected as they become available until the desired sample size is reached.

Answer 45

Convenience Sampling

Question 46

Classifies and ranks data on a scale where the distance between any two numbers is of equal amounts.

Answer 46

Interval

Question 47

Classifies and ranks data where the unit of measure based on equal intervals and a true zero point.

Answer 47

Ratio

Question 48

Often relies on random numbers. Everyone has the chance of being selected.

Answer 48

Simple Random Sampling

Question 49

Subjects are selected by taking the nth subject from a population.

Answer 49

Systematic Sampling

Question 50

Subjects are selected based on a random sample of naturally occurring groups.

Answer 50

Cluster Sampling

Question 51

Subjects are selected as they become available until the desired sample size is reached.

Answer 51

Convenience Sampling

Question 52

Analysis of Variance. Used to test the hypothesis that the means among two or more groups are equal.

Answer 52

ANOVA