INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Question 1

What is statistics

Answer 1

science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions

Question 2

used to describe a group’s characteristics

Answer 2

descriptive statistics

Question 3

Types of statistics

Answer 3

1. Descriptive Statistics

2. Inferential Statistics

Question 4

Inferential statistics

Answer 4

uses statistical tools to predict and infer something

Question 5

Other definition of descriptive statistics

Answer 5

method of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative and descriptive way.

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

entire set of individuals or object of interest

Question 7

A portion or part of the population of interest

Answer 7

Sample

Question 8

It should have the same characteristics as the population it is representing

Answer 8

Sampling

Question 9

Two ways a sampling can be

Answer 9

1. with replacement

2. without replacement

Question 10

With replacement

Answer 10

a member of the population can be chosen more than once (picking a candy from the bowl)

Question 11

Without replacement

Answer 11

a member of the population can only be chosen once (lottery ticket)

Question 12

Methods of sampling

Answer 12

1. random

2. nonrandom

Question 13

Random sampling method

Answer 13

each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen

Question 14

Non random sampling method

Answer 14

a biased sampling technique

Question 15

What are the four random sampling methods

Answer 15

1. Simple random sample
2. Stratified sample
3. Cluster sample
4. Systematic sample

Question 16

Each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being chosen

Answer 16

simple random sample

Question 17

What is stratified sample

Answer 17

divide a population into groups called strata and then take a sample from each stratum

Question 18

What is cluster sample

Answer 18

divide the population into strata and then randomly select some of the strata. All members from these strata are in the cluster sample

Question 19

Systematic Sample

Answer 19

Randomly select a starting point and then take every n-th piece of data from a listing of the population

Question 20

Purposive sampling

Answer 20

one will be chosen based on their knowledge of the information required by the researcher

Question 21

identify the stratums and their proportions as they are presented in the population

Answer 21

Quota Sampling

Question 22

Convenience sampling

Answer 22

resorted by the researchers who need the information the fastest way possible. it only includes people who are easy to reach

Question 23

Snowball sampling

Answer 23

relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects.

Question 24

They are usually obtained by counting or measuring items

Answer 24

Statistical data

Question 25

Two types of statistical data

Answer 25

1. Primary data | 2. Secondary data

Question 26

What is a primary data

Answer 26

collected specifically for the analysis desired

Question 27

what is secondary data

Answer 27

data that have been already compiled and are available for statistical analysis

Question 28

It has a numerical characteristic or attribute associated with the population being studied

Answer 28

Variable

Question 29

Constant

Answer 29

has a fixed numerical value

Question 30

Qualitative

Answer 30

variables that are classified according to some attributes of categories

Question 31

Qualitative data

Answer 31

described by words and letters

Question 32

2 subgroups of qualitative data

Answer 32

1. Dichotomic | 2. Polynomic

Question 33

Dichotomic

Answer 33

For of word with only two options

Question 34

Polynomic

Answer 34

form of word with more than two options

Question 35

Quantitaive

Answer 35

data from observations that are measured on numerical scale

Question 36

Quantitative data

Answer 36

described using numbers

Question 37

What are the two subgroups of quantitative data

Answer 37

1. Discrete | 2. Continuous

Question 37

What are the two subgroups of quantitative data

Answer 37

1. Discrete | 2. Continuous

Question 38

Discrete

Answer 38

result of counting

Question 39

Continuous

Answer 39

result of measuring

Question 40

What are the four numerical scale of measurement

Answer 40

1. Nominal 2. Ordinal 3. Interval 4. Ratio

Question 41

Nominal Scale of Measurement

Answer 41

are categories in no logical order and have no particular relationship

Question 42

Ordinal scale of measurement

Answer 42

categories in which order is implied. Values in one category are largen or smaller than values in other categories

Question 43

Interval scale of measurement

Answer 43

a set of numerical measurements in which distance between numbers is of a known constant size. There is no absolute zero in this scale

Question 44

Ratio

Answer 44

consists of numerical measurements where distance between numbers is of a known constant size. there is an absolute zero in this scale

Question 45

What are the measures of the central tendency

Answer 45

1. Mean 2. Median 3. Mode

Question 46

Median

Answer 46

midpoint of an array of observations

Question 46

Mean

Answer 46

Adding all the items or the observations and dividing the sum by the total number of observations

Question 47

Mode

Answer 47

the observation that appears the most number of times in a distribution