Introduction to Statistics

Question 1

the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

consists of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or responses.

Answer 2

Data

Question 3

the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurement, or counts that are of interest.

Answer 3

population

Question 4

is a subset of a population.

Answer 4

A sample

Question 5

is a numerical description of a population characteristic

Answer 5

parameter

Question 6

a numerical description of a sample characteristic

Answer 6

statistic

Question 7

The study of statistics has two major branches:

Answer 7

descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Question 8

Involves the organization, summarization, and display of data.

Answer 8

Descriptive statistics

Question 9

Involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population.

Answer 9

Inferential statistics

Question 10

information in newspapers presented in tables, charts, graphs and other relevant computations such as percentages.

Answer 10

Descriptive Statistics

Question 11

it leads to prediction, inferences, interpretation or conclusion about the entire population.

Answer 11

Inferential Statistics

Question 12

is a characteristic that changes or varies over a period of time and/or for different individuals or objects under consideration

Answer 12

VARIABLE

Question 13

When a variable is actually measured on individuals or objects of interest to the investigator, a__ is obtained.

Answer 13

set of measurements or data

Question 14

result when a single variable is measured on a single individual or object

Answer 14

Univariate Data

Question 15

result when more than two variables are measured on a single individual or object

Answer 15

Multivariate Data

Question 16

Data sets can consist of two types of data:

Answer 16

qualitative data and quantitative data.

Question 17

Consists of attributes, labels, or nonnumerical entries

Answer 17

Qualitative Data

Question 18

Consists of numerical measurements or counts.

Answer 18

Quantitative Data

Question 19

Quantitative Variables can further be classified as

Answer 19

discrete or continuous

Question 20

is one for which, within the limits the variable ranges, any value is possible.
Example: weight, time to complete a task, height, salary, amount

Answer 20

CONTINUOUS VARIABLE

Question 21

• is one that cannot take on all values within the limits of the variable.
• can be attained by counting.

Examples: response to a five-point rating scale (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), number of provinces in region 12, number of children

Answer 21

DISCRETE VARIABLE

Question 22

The four levels of measurement are

Answer 22

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 23

Calculated using names, labels, or qualities. No mathematical computations can be made at this level.

Answer 23

Nominal

Question 24

Arranged in order, but differences between data entries are not meaningful.

Answer 24

Ordinal

Question 25

Arranged in order, the differences between data entries can be calculated.

Answer 25

Interval

Question 26

A ratio of two data values can be formed so one data value can be expressed as

Answer 26

Ratio