Introduction to the Course

Question 1

How do computers process data?

Answer 1

under computer programs by computer programmers

Question 2

What does the data items processed by computers form?

Answer 2

Data Hierarchy

Question 3

The smallest data item in a computer

Answer 3

Bits

Question 4

This can assume the value 0 or the value 1

Answer 4

Bits

Question 5

Bits is short for

Answer 5

Binary Digit

Question 6

A digit that can assume one of two values

Answer 6

Binary Digit

Question 7

Functions performed by computers involve only the simplest manipulations of 0s and 1s

Answer 7

Bits

Question 8

Tedious to work with data in the low-level form of bits

Answer 8

Character

Question 9

Composed of characters or bytes (that
conveys meaning)

Answer 9

Field

Question 10

Composed of related fields

Answer 10

Records

Question 11

Composed of related records

Answer 11

File

Question 12

In some operating systems, a file is viewed

Answer 12

sequency of bytes

Question 13

Collection of data organized in tables

Answer 13

Database

Question 14

What does the table include?

Answer 14

Records and Fields

Question 15

Types of Programming Languages

Answer 15

Machine Languages, Assembly Languages, and High Level Languages

Question 16

Language only computers can understand

Answer 16

Machine Languages

Question 17

Generally consist of strings of numbers (ultimately reduced to 1s and 0s) that instruct computers to perform operations

Answer 17

Machine Languages

Question 18

Machine Language is _______

Answer 18

Machine Dependent

Question 19

a particular machine language can
only be used on only one type of computer

Answer 19

Machine Dependent

Question 20

Disadvantage of Machine Language

Answer 20

Programming machine language was simply too slow and tedious

Question 21

Uses English-like abbreviations to represent elementary operations (instead of using string of numbers that computers can only understand)

Answer 21

Assembly Languages and Assemblers

Question 22

Translator Programs

Answer 22

Assemblers

Question 23

Why do we need assemblers (or translator
programs)?

Answer 23

Because although such code is clearer to humans, it’s incomprehensible to computers until translated to machine language.

Question 24

Disadvantage of Assembly Languages

Answer 24

Programmers still had to use numerous instructions to accomplish even simple tasks.

Question 25

Developed to speed up the programming process

Answer 25

High-Level Languages and Compilers

Question 26

Single statements could be written to accomplish substantial tasks

Answer 26

High-Level Languages and Compilers

Question 27

Allow you to write instructions that look almost like everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical notations

Answer 27

Assembly Languages and Assemblers

Question 28

one of the most widely used high level programming languages

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Very flexible and powerful programming language originally designed in the early 1970s

Answer 29

C

Question 30

When was C originally designed?

Answer 30

early 1970s

Question 31

____ was written in C language

Answer 31

UNIX OS

Question 32

C is a ____ programming language

Answer 32

compiled

Question 33

a program that converts the c into a machine code instructions which do the job

Answer 33

compiler

Question 34

What is C widely used to

Answer 34

develop systems that demand performance

Question 35

Examples of systems

Answer 35

operating systems, embedded systems, real-time systems, and communication systems

Question 36

Advantages of C

Answer 36

Efficiency and Standardization

Question 37

Disadvantage of C in terms of coding

Answer 37

can write very tense code but it has side effect of making them hard to understand

Question 38

Applications written in C

Answer 38

Linux, Windows, Android

Question 39

What is needed for embedded systems

Answer 39

Embedded systems need to run as fast as possible and conserve memory

Question 40

When programming in C, we’ll use the following building blocks:

Answer 40

* C standard library functions * Functions you create yourself * Functions other people have created and made available to you

Question 41

Machine language code can be called

Answer 41

object code

Question 42

This occurs when the compiler cannot recognize a statement because it violates the rule of the language

Answer 42

syntax error

Question 43

Type of error when a compiler cannot recognize a statement because it violates the rule of the language

Answer 43

compile errors, or compile-time errors

Question 44

A linker links the object code with the code for the missing functions to produce an

Answer 44

executable image

Question 45

It takes the executable image from disk and transfers it to memory.

Answer 45

Loader

Question 46

To load and execute a program, type and enter

Answer 46

./welcome

Question 47

Linking command

Answer 47

gcc –o welcome welcome.c