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CMSC 21 > Introduction to the Course > Flashcards

Introduction to the Course Flashcards

1
Q

How do computers process data?

A

under computer programs by computer programmers

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2
Q

What does the data items processed by computers form?

A

Data Hierarchy

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3
Q

The smallest data item in a computer

A

Bits

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4
Q

This can assume the value 0 or the value 1

A

Bits

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5
Q

Bits is short for

A

Binary Digit

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6
Q

A digit that can assume one of two values

A

Binary Digit

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7
Q

Functions performed by computers involve only the simplest manipulations of 0s and 1s

A

Bits

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8
Q

Tedious to work with data in the low-level form of bits

A

Character

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9
Q

Composed of characters or bytes (that
conveys meaning)

A

Field

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10
Q

Composed of related fields

A

Records

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11
Q

Composed of related records

A

File

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12
Q

In some operating systems, a file is viewed

A

sequency of bytes

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13
Q

Collection of data organized in tables

A

Database

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14
Q

What does the table include?

A

Records and Fields

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15
Q

Types of Programming Languages

A

Machine Languages, Assembly Languages, and High Level Languages

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16
Q

Language only computers can understand

A

Machine Languages

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17
Q

Generally consist of strings of numbers (ultimately reduced to 1s and 0s) that instruct computers to perform operations

A

Machine Languages

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18
Q

Machine Language is _______

A

Machine Dependent

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19
Q

a particular machine language can
only be used on only one type of computer

A

Machine Dependent

20
Q

Disadvantage of Machine Language

A

Programming machine language was simply too slow and tedious

21
Q

Uses English-like abbreviations to represent elementary operations (instead of using string of numbers that computers can only understand)

A

Assembly Languages and Assemblers

22
Q

Translator Programs

A

Assemblers

23
Q

Why do we need assemblers (or translator
programs)?

A

Because although such code is clearer to humans, it’s incomprehensible to computers until translated to machine language.

24
Q

Disadvantage of Assembly Languages

A

Programmers still had to use numerous instructions to accomplish even simple tasks.

25
Q

Developed to speed up the programming process

A

High-Level Languages and Compilers

26
Q

Single statements could be written to accomplish substantial tasks

A

High-Level Languages and Compilers

27
Q

Allow you to write instructions that look almost like everyday English and contain commonly used mathematical notations

A

Assembly Languages and Assemblers

28
Q

one of the most widely used high level programming languages

A

C

29
Q

Very flexible and powerful programming language originally designed in the early 1970s

A

C

30
Q

When was C originally designed?

A

early 1970s

31
Q

____ was written in C language

A

UNIX OS

32
Q

C is a ____ programming language

A

compiled

33
Q

a program that converts the c into a machine code instructions which do the job

A

compiler

34
Q

What is C widely used to

A

develop systems that demand performance

35
Q

Examples of systems

A

operating systems, embedded systems, real-time systems, and communication systems

36
Q

Advantages of C

A

Efficiency and Standardization

37
Q

Disadvantage of C in terms of coding

A

can write very tense code but it has side effect of making them hard to understand

38
Q

Applications written in C

A

Linux, Windows, Android

39
Q

What is needed for embedded systems

A

Embedded systems need to run as fast as possible
and conserve memory

40
Q

When programming in C, we’ll use the following building blocks:

A
  • C standard library functions
  • Functions you create yourself
  • Functions other people have created and made available to you
41
Q

Machine language code can be called

A

object code

42
Q

This occurs when the compiler cannot recognize a
statement because it violates the rule of the language

A

syntax error

43
Q

Type of error when a compiler cannot recognize a
statement because it violates the rule of the language

A

compile errors, or compile-time
errors

44
Q

A linker links the object code with the code for the missing
functions to produce an

A

executable image

45
Q

It takes the
executable image from disk and transfers it to memory.

A

Loader

46
Q

To load and execute a program, type and enter

A

./welcome

47
Q

Linking command

A

gcc –o welcome welcome.c

CMSC 21 (6 decks)

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