INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY

Question 1

List the level of tissue organization

Answer 1

atoms 
molecules and macromolecules 
organelle 
cell 
tissue 
organ 
organ systen 
organism

Question 2

fluid inside the cell is known as __________ ( )

Answer 2

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 3

fluid outside the cell is called _________ ( )

Answer 3

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ecf)

Question 4

96% of the body mass is made up of which 4 elements

Answer 4

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 5

list the 3 types of chemical reactions

Answer 5

synthesis / anabolic
decomposition /catabolic
exchange/ displacement

Question 6

what is a catalyst

Answer 6

substance that increases rate of reaction

Question 7

compare organic vs inorganic molecules

Answer 7

complex / simpler
c and H / none
water insoluble / water soluble
4 macromolecules / ionic compounds

Question 8

positively charges ions

Answer 8

cations

Question 9

negatively charged ions

Answer 9

anions

Question 10

substances that release ions in water are called

Answer 10

electrolytes

Question 11

what is the pH scale

Answer 11

measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

Question 12

solutions with a lower concentration of hydrogen ions are more ________/ ________

Answer 12

basic / alkaline

Question 13

solutions with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions are more _______

Answer 13

acidic

Question 14

normal plasma pH range

Answer 14

7.35 - 7.45

Question 15

acidosis pH level

Answer 15

<7.35

Question 16

alkalosis pH level

Answer 16

> 7.45

Question 17

describe Acidosis

Answer 17

pH is too low

too many H ions

Question 18

describe Alkalosis

Answer 18

pH is too high

too few H ions

Question 19

macromolecules are ________ that are chain like molecules made up of repeating units called _______

Answer 19

polymers

monomers

Question 20

purpose of triglycerides

Answer 20

• long term energy storage
• thermal insulation
• protection from mechanical trauma

Question 21

lipids have a ______ head and a _______ tail

Question 22

pentagon -
rectangle -
circle_

Answer 22

ribose sugar
base
phosphate

Question 23

fibrous proteins are also known as _________ proteins

Answer 23

structual

Question 24

globular proteins are also known as _______ proteins

Answer 24

functional

Question 25

describe fibrous proteins

Answer 25

elongated, strand like | stable

Question 26

describe globular protein

Answer 26

compact, spherical | chemically active

Question 27

examples of structual proteins

Answer 27

keratin and collagen

Question 28

examples of globular proteins

Answer 28

enzymes, hormones

Question 29

list 4 variables that must be regulated in order to maintain a stable internal environment

Answer 29

gas concentration nutrient level water volume and pressure electrolyte concentration

Question 30

name the 2 homeostatic control mechanisms

Answer 30

nervous and endocrine

Question 31

compare nervous impulses and hormones in relation to homeostatic control mechanism

Answer 31

electrical // chemical rapid // slow short lived // long lived limited target range // wide target range

Question 32

blood composition

Answer 32

plasma buffy coat er+ythrocytes

Question 33

list the strucutual characterisitcs of erythrocyes to facilitate gas transport

Answer 33

biconcave shape - less SA to volume // stackable No organelles - more space for Hb Flexible

Question 34

haemoglobin - what does it bind to

Answer 34

binds both oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 35

in the lungs oxygen levels are high ---- haemoglobin binds with _____ carbon dioxide levels are low ---- haemoglobin releases ______

Answer 35

oxygen | carbon

Question 36

in the tissue oxygen levels are low ------ hb releases _____ Carbon dioxie levels are high ____ hb binds with

Answer 36

oxygen | carbon

Question 37

where are leukocytes formed

Answer 37

in the bone marrow

Question 38

primary function of leukocytes

Answer 38

defence

Question 39

which leukocytes conduct phagocytosis

Answer 39

neutrophils and monocytes

Question 40

where are platelets formed

Answer 40

in the bone marrow

Question 41

what is the function of platelets

Answer 41

assist in blood clotting

Question 42

name the 3 main functions of blood

Answer 42

distribution regulation protection

Question 43

name 3 things that the blood distributes

Answer 43

oxygen/ carbon dioxide nutrients and wastes hormones

Question 44

what 3 things does blood regulate

Answer 44

interstitial fluid composition pH body temp

Question 45

in what 2 ways does the blood protect the body

Answer 45

infection control | prevention of blood loss