Introduction To The Human Body

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

Is the science of the body’s functions

Question 2

Pathology

Answer 2

Is the study of disease’s

Question 3

Levels of organization

Answer 3

Atomic
Molecular
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism

Question 4

Cells

Answer 4

Are the basic structural and functional units of and organism there are many different kinds of cells in the body.

210 different kinds of cells can be seen under light microscopy

Question 5

Tissues

Answer 5

Are groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function

Question 6

Four basic types of tissues

Answer 6

Epithelium
Muscle
Connective tissue
Nerves

Question 7

Organs

Answer 7

Are structures composed of two or more different types of tissues

Question 8

Skin

Answer 8

Contains epithelium tissue, connective tissue, nerves, muscle

Question 9

Organ system

Answer 9

Consists of related organs with a common function, there are 11 organ systems in the body.

Question 10

Organism

Answer 10

Consist of a collection of organ systems

Question 11

Six important life processes

Answer 11

Metabolism
Responsiveness 
Movement
Growth
Differentiation 
Reproduction

Question 12

Metabolism

Answer 12

Sum of all the catabolic breaking down and anabolic building up chemical processes that occur in the body

Question 13

Responsiveness

Answer 13

The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity or a threat.

Ex: Decrease in body temperature, Responding to sound, Nerve electrical signals and Muscle contracting.

Question 14

Movement

Answer 14

Any motion, including movement of tiny sub cellular structures or movement inside cells or organs, leg muscles move from one place to another.

Question 15

Growth

Answer 15

An increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells or both. In bone growth materials between cells increase.

Question 16

Differentiation

Answer 16

Development of cell from an unspecialized to specialized state.

Cells have specialized structures and functions that differ from precursor cells

Question 17

Stem cells

Answer 17

Give rise to cells that undergo differentiation.

Question 18

Reproduction

Answer 18

Formation of new cells : Growth, Repair or Replacement or the production of a new individual.

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

A condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment.

Meant to keep body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life.

Question 20

Blood glucose levels

Answer 20

Range between 70 and 110 mg of glucose/dL of blood.

Question 21

pH of Blood

Answer 21

Maintained between 7.35-7.45

Question 22

Control of homeostasis is constantly being challenged by:

Answer 22

Physical insults such as heat or lack of oxygen.

Changes in the environment such as drop in blood glucose due to lack of food.

Physiological stress such as demands of work or school disruptions can be mild if balance is quickly restored.

Intense disruptions are often prolonged and result in disease poisoning or severe infections or death.

Question 23

Feedback system

Answer 23

Body is monitored and re-monitored both internally and externally.

Question 24

Feed backs three basic components.

Answer 24

Receptor
Control center
Effector

Question 25

Receptor

Answer 25

Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition. Has specialized nerve endings in the skin that act as temperature receptors that causes the nerve to fire in response to temperature changes.

Question 26

Control center

Answer 26

Sets the range of values to be maintained, and that usually done by the brain. Evaluates input received from receptors and generates an output command.

Question 27

Output

Answer 27

Involves nerve impulses, hormones, or other chemical agents.

Question 28

Effector

Answer 28

Receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition. .

Question 29

Negative feedback system

Answer 29

Reverses a change in a controlled condition. and regulation of body temperature.

Question 30

Positive feedback

Answer 30

Strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body's controlled conditions Ex: normal chid birth

Question 31

Integumentary system

Answer 31

Consist of: Skin, Hair, Nails and Glands Protects the body, regulates temperature and eliminates waste through sweat and other secretions.

Question 32

Skeletal system

Answer 32

Bones, Joints Provides protection and support Houses cells that will become Red blood cells, White blood cells and Platelets.

Question 33

Muscular system

Answer 33

Consist of skeletal muscles as well as smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Participates with the skeletal system to move and maintain posture generates heat helps to maintain a constant body temperature.

Question 34

Nervous system

Answer 34

Consist of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory organs. Responds to the body's conditions through nerve impulses.

Question 35

Endocrine system

Answer 35

Consist of hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body regulate the body by releasing hormones in the blood.

Question 36

Cardiovascular system

Answer 36

Consist of the Heart, Blood and Blood vessels carries blood and nutrients to specific locations regulates body temperature and water balance.

Question 37

Lymphatic system

Answer 37

Consist of lymphatic fluid, Lymph nodes, and Lymphocytes associated with the tonsils, spleen and thymus gland. Transports fats and proteins to the cardiovascular system, filters blood and protects against disease.

Question 38

Respiratory system

Answer 38

Consists of the upper airways the Trachea, and major Bronchi and the lungs extracts O2 and eliminates CO2 in conjunction with the kidneys, Regulates acid/base balance.

Question 39

Digestive system

Answer 39

Consist of the Esophagus, Stomach and Intestines and the accessory digestive glands like the : Salivary glands, Liver, and Gallbladder chemically and physically breakdown food and eliminate waste.

Question 40

Integration

Answer 40

Many systems working together

Question 41

Anatomical position

Answer 41

Facing forward feet flat arms to the side palms facing forward

Question 42

Prone

Answer 42

Face down

Question 43

Supine

Answer 43

Face up

Question 44

Superior

Answer 44

Above, top toward the head

Question 45

Inferior

Answer 45

Below, bottom, away from head

Question 46

Anterior ventral

Answer 46

The front of the body

Question 47

Posterior dorsal

Answer 47

The back of the body

Question 48

Caudad

Answer 48

Toward the tail

Question 49

Cephalad

Answer 49

Toward the head

Question 50

Medial

Answer 50

Towards the midline

Question 51

Lateral

Answer 51

Away from the midline

Question 52

Proximal

Answer 52

Nearest to the trunk of the body

Question 53

Distal

Answer 53

Furthest away from the trunk of the body

Question 54

Ipsilateral

Answer 54

Same side of the body

Question 55

Contralateral

Answer 55

Opposite side of the body

Question 56

Superficial

Answer 56

Towards the surface

Question 57

Deep

Answer 57

Towards the core of the body

Question 58

Visceral

Answer 58

Pertaining to covering of a organ

Question 59

Parietal

Answer 59

Pertaining to covering against a wall cavity

Question 60

Sagittal

Answer 60

Midline

Question 61

Transverse

Answer 61

Horizontal

Question 62

Frontal

Answer 62

Coronal

Question 63

Midsagittal plane

Answer 63

Divides the body into two mirror halves

Question 64

Parasagittal planes

Answer 64

To the right and left of the midsagittal that divide the body into unequal halves

Question 65

Anatomy

Answer 65

Is the study of the body's structure