Introduction to the World of IO

Question 1

____ is a branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace

Answer 1

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Question 2

According to (Rucci, 2008) The purpose of I/O psychology is “to ______ the ________ and _______ of human beings, and the ________ they work in, by advancing the _____ and _____ of ______

Answer 2

enhance
dignity and performance
organizations
science and knowledge
human behavior

Question 3

what concept does the following fall under: training programs and incentives & motivation and emotion

Answer 3

Psychology of Learning

Question 4

What concept does the following fall under:
work groups and understanding employee conflicts.

Answer 4

Social Psychology

Question 5

What is the difference between I/O psychology and business fields?

Answer 5

I/O psychology examines factors that affect the people in an organization as opposed to the broader aspects of running an organization such as marketing channels, transportation networks, and cost accounting (Kimbrough, Durley, & Muñoz, 2005).

Question 6

What approach focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training.

Answer 6

Industrial Approach

Question 7

Industrial approach focuses on determining the ______ needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through ______.

Answer 7

competencies; training

Question 8

This approach creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their jobs, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work/life environment.

Answer 8

Organizational Approach

Question 9

The Organizational Approach creates an _________ and _____ that will motivate employees to perform well

Answer 9

organizational structure
culture

Question 10

This field of study concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees.

Answer 10

Personnel Psychology

Question 11

Give at least three Study and practices in the field of Personnel Psychology

Answer 11

analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants,
selecting employees, determining salary levels, training employees, and
evaluating employee performance.

Question 12

Personnel psychologists also analyze jobs to ______, often assigning monetary values to each position.

Answer 12

obtain a complete picture of what
each employee does

Question 13

Job Description of Personnel Psychologists include:

Answer 13

training and development., training evaluation, compensation and benefits

Question 14

This field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context
of an organization.

Answer 14

Organizational Psychology

Question 15

Psychologists involved in organizational psychology are concerned with:

Give at least three

Answer 15

issues of leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, organizational
communication, conflict management, organizational change, and group
processes within an organization

Question 16

Job Description of Organizational Psychologists include:

Answer 16

Survey of strengths and weaknesses, conducts SWOT analysis, team buildings,
restructuring, and employee empowerment

Question 17

A field of study concentrating on the interaction between humans and machines.

Answer 17

Human Factors/Ergonomics

Question 18

Psychologists in the area of human factors concentrate on ______,
_______, ________, and physical fatigue and stress.

Answer 18

workplace design,
human-machine interaction, ergonomics,

Question 19

Job Description of Psychologists in the area of Human Factors include:

Answer 19

Time and Motion Studies, Safety, and Workplace ergonomics.

Question 20

In ______ Walter Dill Scott publishes ______________

Answer 20

1903; Theory of Advertising

Question 21

In 1911 _______ publishes _________

Answer 21

Walter Dill Scott; Increasing Human Efficiency in Business

Question 22

In 1913 Hugo Münsterberg published _________

Answer 22

Psychology and Industrial Efficiency

Question 23

the term “industrial psychology” was seldom used prior to World
War I. Instead, the common terms for the field were “__________,”
“__________,” and “__________–”

Answer 23

“economic psychology,”
“business psychology,” and “employment psychology”

Question 24

I/O psychology made its first big impact during _______

Answer 24

World War 1

Question 25

I/O psychologists were employed to test recruits and then place them in
appropriate positions.
What were the two tests used and its use?

Answer 25

Army Alpha
- used by the army for soldiers who can read.

Army Beta
- used by the army for soldiers who cannot read.

Question 26

who is better known as a pioneer in behaviorism, served as a major
in the U.S. Army in World War I and developed perceptual and motor tests for
potential pilots?

Answer 26

John Watson

Question 27

Who was responsible for increasing the efficiency with which cargo ships
were built, repaired, and loaded ?

Answer 27

Henry Gantt

Question 28

Who created a 163-item knowledge test that he
administered to over 900 applicants for employee selection

Answer 28

Thomas A. Edison

Question 29

Two of the most interesting figures who studied the motions used by workers to improve productivity and
reduce fatigue in the early years of I/O psychology.

Answer 29

Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth

Question 30

______, when the findings from the famous _______- were
published, psychologists became more involved in the quality of the work
environment, as well as the attitudes of employees

Answer 30

1930s; Hawthorne studies

Question 31

Read:

Info: Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in the Chicago.

The Hawthorne studies were initially designed to investigate such issues as
the effects of lighting levels, work schedules, wages, temperature, and rest
breaks on employee performance

Answer 31

oKAY

Question 32

When employees change their behavior due solely to
the fact that they are receiving attention or are being observed

Answer 32

Hawthorne effect

Question 33

During this era the passage of several major pieces of civil rights legislation focusing on the
attention of HR professionals on developing fair selection techniques and the need for I/O psychologists greatly increased. This was the time also that was also characterized by the use of sensitivity training and T-groups
(laboratory training groups) for managers

Answer 33

1960s

Question 34

During this era, strides in the understanding of many organizational psychology issues
involved employee satisfaction and motivation

Answer 34

1970s

Question 35

1980s and 1990s
Four major changes to I/O psychology:

Answer 35

1. Increased use of fairly sophisticated statistical techniques and methods of
   analysis.
2. A new interest in the application of cognitive psychology to industry.
3. Increased interest in the effects of work on family life and leisure activities.
4. I/O psychologists took a renewed interest in developing methods to select
   employees.

Question 36

In this era, there was rapid advances in technology

Answer 36

2000s

Question 37

Other Factors Impacting Current I/O Psychology

Answer 37

1. Changing demographic makeup of the workforce
2. Diversity
3. Global Economy
4. High unemployment rates
5. Movements toward flexible work schedules
6. Family-friendly work policies
7. Accommodation of an increasing number of employees with child-care and elder-care
   responsibilities
8. Flatter organizational structures with fewer management levels
9. Population shifts from urban to suburban locations
10. Increasing costs of health-care benefits

Question 38

I/O psychologists typically work in one of four settings:

Answer 38

1. Colleges and Universities – teach, conduct research, or administrative work
2. Consulting Firms – designing systems
3. Private Sector - designing systems (single company or corporation)
4. Public Sector - designing systems (for local or national)