introduction to theories

Question 1

what theory did durkheim create?

Answer 1

the holistic, functionalist theory of biological analogy

Question 2

what does holistic mean?

Answer 2

looking at the bigger picture

Question 3

what is the definition of biological analogy?

Answer 3

comparing one thing to another

Question 4

what is studied the same as society in biological analogy?

Answer 4

the human body

Question 5

define norms & values

Answer 5

an agreement , a social contract

Question 6

define norms

Answer 6

expected behaviour/behavioural patterns

Question 7

define values

Answer 7

morals behind norms

Question 8

name the two weaknesses in functionalism

Answer 8

• looking at society through rose tinted glasses (too positive and unrealistic)
• homogeneous grouping

Question 9

what does homogenous grouping mean?

Answer 9

generalising and stereotyping people into groups

Question 10

what is a strength to functionalism?

Answer 10

always give a lot of evidence to back their views up

Question 11

who was karl marx?

Answer 11

a holistic sociologist writer

Question 12

what theory did marx create?

Answer 12

dialectic materialism

Question 13

what does dialectic materialism mean?

Answer 13

the conflict between two classes

Question 14

what did marx believe?

Answer 14

• that capitalism is at the heart of society
• ideological functions teach the people to be workers and be happy being working class
• the ruling class controls the working with money

Question 15

what are criticisms of marx?

Answer 15

• homogeneous grouping

- economically deterministic theory

Question 16

what are the ideological functions?

Answer 16

family and education

Question 17

what does economically deterministic mean?

Answer 17

everything ever is controlled by money or the economy

Question 18

what was the liberal feminist view?

Answer 18

holistic and patriarchal

Question 19

what does patriarchy mean?

Answer 19

society is ruled by men

Question 20

what did the liberal feminists believe?

Answer 20

that society needed to be reformed and changed for the better of women

Question 21

how did liberal feminists show the progress of society?

Answer 21

the march of progress

Question 22

what happened in 1918?

Answer 22

the legalisation of women with specific requirements to vote

Question 23

what happened in 1928?

Answer 23

legalisation of all women to vote

Question 24

what happened in 1967?

Answer 24

the abortion act

Question 25

what happened in 1969?

Answer 25

the divorce act

Question 26

what happened in 1970?

Answer 26

the equal pay act

Question 27

who was parsons?

Answer 27

a holistic sociologist

Question 28

what theory did parsons create?

Answer 28

structural-functional

Question 29

what did the structural-functional theory believe?

Answer 29

- that every person had a specific job role - balance is needed for society to function - rapid change causes society to crumble

Question 30

define structural-functionalism

Answer 30

looking at society from a macro level and not at individuals

Question 31

what is a manifest function

Answer 31

the intended function of an institution

Question 32

what is a latent function

Answer 32

the unintended consequences of a manifest function

Question 33

what two key things keep society moving and balanced

Answer 33

social facts and institutions

Question 34

define an institution

Answer 34

things created to make sure society progresses at a stable rate

Question 35

define social facts

Answer 35

things like laws that have persuasive effects over individuals

Question 36

what were the two functions of the family to parsons

Answer 36

primary socialisation and stabilisation of adult personalities

Question 37

define primary socialisation

Answer 37

teaching children norms and values of society

Question 38

what are examples of primary socialisation

Answer 38

toilet training and gender role socialisation

Question 39

what role is believed boys should take on?

Answer 39

the instrumental role

Question 40

what role is believed girls should take on?

Answer 40

the expressive role

Question 41

describe these two roles

Answer 41

``` instrumental = go to work and make money expressive = housework and raising children ```

Question 42

what does the stabilisation of adult personalities mean ?

Answer 42

creating emotional stability in a married couple

Question 43

what is an example of this

Answer 43

the warm bath theory

Question 44

what does the warm bath theory show

Answer 44

that a woman should take care of her husband after work, as working life for a man is stressful

Question 45

what was believed to be reduced through the warm bath theory

Answer 45

conflict between working men and therefore society

Question 46

how is stabilisation of adults achieved

Answer 46

conforming to gender roles

Question 47

what theory did murdoch create

Answer 47

the theory of the four family functions

Question 48

what were these four family functions

Answer 48

sexual, economic , reproductive and educational

Question 49

what was the purpose of the sexual function

Answer 49

- to create a stable and monogamous sexual relationship - resist sexual urges outside of marriage - promotes heterosexuality

Question 50

what was the purpose of the economic function

Answer 50

- for the man to make enough money to provide for the family | - woman does unpaid house labour

Question 51

what was the purpose of the reproductive function

Answer 51

- society would not continue or progress without a next generation - stops societal stagnation

Question 52

what was the purpose of the educational function

Answer 52

- teaches the young norms & values - socialisation of chilren - gendered norms & values so children learn their jobs and make a working society

Question 53

what are criticisms of murdoch

Answer 53

- gendered roles are not progressive in todays society - research shows that sonme societies dont have the family institution - other institutions could easily perform these functions

Question 54

what does universal mean

Answer 54

something done by all people or things in the world

Question 55

what does the universal family mean

Answer 55

that the family is a worldwide institution

Question 56

how does murdoch define the family

Answer 56

'social groups characterised by common residence, economic co-operation, and reproduction'

Question 57

how many societies did murdoch study where there was a family institution

Answer 57

250

Question 58

what are criticisms of the universal family theory

Answer 58

- murdoch could not have studied all societies, therefore some may not have the family institution - some small communities will raise children as group, goes against one of murdoch's definitions of a family