Introduction to Turfgrasses

Question 1

What is the difference in susceptibility to temperature stresses?

Answer 1

Having enough water to create sugars to withstand hot temperature. Warm season grasses are more efficient at creating sugars.

Question 2

Upper IM

Answer 2

located at base of blade

Question 3

Color

Answer 3

Dark green is usually preferred, although Europeans like apple green

Question 4

Respiration equation

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + 38ATP

Question 5

Collar

Answer 5

Where the leaf blade and leaf sheath join

Question 6

Resiliency

Answer 6

ability of turf to absorb shock

Question 7

Internode

Answer 7

Region between nodes

Question 8

Reduced if leaf blade tips are frayed due to a dull mower

Answer 8

Smoothness

Question 9

Turfgrass roots

Answer 9

fibrous and highly branched

Question 10

Rigidity

Answer 10

resistance of leaves to compression

Question 11

Rhizome

Answer 11

below ground stems

Question 12

Preferred temperature for warm season?

Answer 12

80 to 95 F

Question 13

Crown

Answer 13

Stem at base of plant with tightly compacted internodes. Contains the growing point.

Question 14

Stolon

Answer 14

above ground stems

Question 15

Soil chemical properties

Answer 15

Factors affecting turfgrass root growth

Question 16

Illustration of a grass plant

Answer 16

Question 17

Ligule

Answer 17

membranous or hairy structure at the base of the leaf blade

Question 18

Intercalary meristem

Answer 18

Region of cell division in leaves

Question 19

Preferred temperature for cool season?

Answer 19

60 to 75 F

Question 20

Leaf blade

Answer 20

Portion of leaf above collar

Question 21

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 21

CO2 + H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

Question 22

Cultural practices (mowing, irrigation, fertilization)

Answer 22

Factors affecting turfgrass root growth

Question 23

Density

Answer 23

number of plants per unit area

Question 24

Auricle

Answer 24

appendages at the edges of the leaf blade base

Question 25

Inflorescence

Answer 25

seedhead

Question 26

Smoothness

Answer 26

refers to presence/absence of bumps, dips, pits in surface

Question 27

Water

Answer 27

H2O

Question 28

Sod-forming grasses

Answer 28

spread by rhizomes and/or stolon (and tillers)

Question 29

Soil physical properties

Answer 29

Factors affecting turfgrass root growth

Question 30

Uniformity

Answer 30

appearance the same in all areas

Question 31

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 31

CO2

Question 32

What is the difference in photosynthesis between cool and warm season grasses?

Answer 32

Occurs close to the leaf surface in cool season and deep within the leaf in warm season.

Question 33

How do C4 grasses avoid photorespiration?

Answer 33

They have a concentration of CO2 instead of O2.

Question 34

Turfgrass growth habits

Answer 34

Bunchgrasses Sod-forming grasses

Question 35

Bunchgrasses

Answer 35

spread only by tillers, very limited lateral spread

Question 36

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 36

Using light energy to turn CO2 into energy-rich carbs

Question 37

Recuperative ability

Answer 37

capacity to recover

Question 38

Collar region

Answer 38

Part of the shoot around the collar

Question 39

Shoot

Answer 39

Everything above ground

Question 40

Growth habit

Answer 40

Bunchgrass or sod former (rhicomatus and/or stoloniferous)

Question 41

Lower IM

Answer 41

located at base of sheath

Question 42

Tiller

Answer 42

New shoot that arises from within sheath tissue of mother plant. All grasses form tillers.

Question 43

Vernation

Answer 43

refers to the manner in which new blades emerge from the sheath

Question 44

Glucose

Answer 44

C6H12O6

Question 45

Texture

Answer 45

refers to leaf blade width. Finer textured grasses have narrower leaf blades

Question 46

Ball roll

Answer 46

ball roll distance

Question 47

Venation

Answer 47

presence or absence of visible veins on leaf blade

Question 48

Oxygen

Answer 48

O2

Question 49

Genetics

Answer 49

Factors affecting turfgrass root growth

Question 50

Leaf sheath

Answer 50

Below collar to soil. The basal portion of the leaf that encloses the stem.

Question 51

Node

Answer 51

point where buds are located on stem

Question 52

Soil temp

Answer 52

Factors affecting turfgrass root growth