Introductory Topics for Pathophysiology Flashcards
(36 cards)
WHO definition of health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
Healthy People 2020 goals
Prevent disease, achieve equity, promote good health and behaviors across lifespan.
Five Social Determinants of Health (HP 2030)
Economic stability, education access/quality, healthcare access/quality, neighborhood/built environment, social/community context.
Definition of disease
Acute or chronic illness causing dysfunction in one or more body systems.
Etiology
Cause of disease (e.g., bacteria, trauma, genes, toxins).
Pathogenesis
How the disease process develops.
Morphologic changes
Structural changes in cells/tissues from disease (microscopic or visible).
Clinical manifestations
Signs and symptoms of disease (e.g., fever).
Diagnosis
Identifying the nature/cause of a health problem through history, exam, and tests.
Clinical course
Disease progression (acute, subacute, chronic).
Primary prevention
Prevent disease by removing risk factors (e.g., immunizations).
Secondary prevention
Early detection when asymptomatic (e.g., PAP smear).
Tertiary prevention
Prevent complications in those with disease (e.g., post-heart attack meds).
Morbidity
Effects of disease on quality of life and long-term consequences.
Mortality
Death rate and causes of death in populations.
Autosomal dominant disorder example
Marfan Syndrome: affects connective tissue, tall stature, vision issues, aortic problems.
Autosomal recessive disorder example
PKU (Phenylketonuria): inability to break down phenylalanine, leads to brain damage if untreated.
Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21, developmental delays, flat face, heart defects, almond eyes.
Turner Syndrome
Missing/incomplete X in females, short stature, infertility, delayed puberty.
Klinefelter Syndrome
Extra X in males, tall, gynecomastia, reduced hair/muscle, learning issues.
Benign tumors
Well-differentiated, slow growing, no metastasis.
Malignant tumors
Undifferentiated, invasive, variable growth, metastasize via blood/lymph.
Cancer symptoms
Fatigue, cachexia, pain, decreased immunity, tissue disruption, effusions.
Screening for cancer
Secondary prevention: observation, palpation, lab tests, tumor markers.
