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Inventions & space Flashcards

1
Q

James Watt invented…

A

Condenser to allow steam engines to use less fuel

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2
Q

Richard Trevithick invented…

A

High pressure steam engines, smaller and more powerful. First steam locomotive with wheels, and later locomotive ‘catch-me-who-can’

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3
Q

Henry Bessemer invented..

A

Converter, to produce large quantities of steel cheaply

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4
Q

Industry in Northampton

A

Shoes

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5
Q

Industry in Derby

A

Silk

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6
Q

Industry in Nottingham

A

Lace

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7
Q

Richard Roberts invented…

A

Precision machine tools, e.g. lathes

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8
Q

Joseph Whitworth invented..

A

Way of measuring accurate to one millionth of an inch, and standard pattern for making screws

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9
Q

James Nasmyth invented…

A

Steam hammer

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10
Q

Soda was used for…

A

Washing textiles, making glass and paper

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11
Q

Nationwide timezone was created to…

A

…enable railways to have regular timetables for people travelling long distances

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12
Q

George Stephenson invented…

A

First steam train in 1825. With son Robert, won 1829 locomotive competition (Rainhill Trials) with Rocket, and opened railway line Liverpool to Manchester in 1830

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13
Q

Isambard Kingdom Brunel designed…

A

Steam ships (Great Western, Great Britain), bridges, railways

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14
Q

George Jennings invented…

A

Flushing toilet

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15
Q

Joseph Swan invented…

A

The lightbulb in 1878 (Warren de la Rue had demonstrated principles 49 years earlier). Thomas Edison’s design came later but was improved.

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16
Q

Claude Chappe invented…

A

Telegraph in 1790

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17
Q

Samuel Morse invented..

A

Electric telegraph, using morse code (most successful system of several developed wound that time)

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18
Q

Louis Daguerre invented…

A

Photography in 1839

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19
Q

William Dickson invented…

A

Kinetoscope, 20sec movie, with Yhomas Edison based on work by Eadweard Muybridge

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20
Q

Emile Berliner invented…

A

Way to record sound on flat discs

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21
Q

Henry Maxim invented..

A

Machine gun

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22
Q

Guglielmo Marconi invented..

A

Radio in 1894

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23
Q

Wheel was invented…

A

3500BC in mesopotsmia. Spoked wheel invented 2000BC in egypt

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24
Q

Astrolabe used to…

A

Measure latitude

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25
Modern sail called...
Bermuda sail
25
Modern sail called...
Bermuda sail
25
Modern sail called...
Bermuda sail
26
Modern sail called...
Bermuda sail
27
Thomas Newcomen invented...
Atmospheric engine (first practical fuel burning engine)
28
SS Sirius
Foets ship to cross Atlantic under continuous steam power
29
Nigel Gresley built..
Flying Scotsman, first train over 100mph, and Mallard, fastest steam train of record
30
Montgolfier brothers invented...
Hot air balloon
31
Otto Lilienthal...
Made world's first controlled flight on hang glider
32
Statoscope measures...
Altitude, by measuring atmospheric pressure
33
Etienne Lenoir invented..
Internal combustion engine 1860
34
Nikolaus Otto and Gottleib Daimler invented...
Four stroke internal combustion engine running on petrol, basis of modern engines Daimler co-invented first motorbike
35
Orvil and Wilbur Wright invented...
First petrol-powered flying machine, Flyer-1 in 1903. Original bicycle makers. Seguin brothers improved design and built rotary engine
36
Karl Benz invented...
First practical motor car
37
Hindenburg was the...
Largest flying machine very built. Zeppelin, caught fire in sky in 1937.
38
Charles Lindbergh...
Flew solo across Atlantic in 1927
39
Amy Johnson...
Flew England to Australia in 1930
40
Hans von Ohain and (separately) Frank Whittle invented...
Jet engine
41
Robert Goddard invented..
First liquid fuel rocket
42
Blue flame was..
Rocket powered car that set land speed record
43
Eagle was...
Lunar module in apollo 11, landed on sea of tranquility with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin (Michael Collins remained in command module)
44
Werner von Braun invented..
V2 rocket, and later Juni rocket used ti launch early US satellites
45
Aerobee was...
Step rocket (2 stage rockets) used to study upper atnosphere
46
First man in space
Yuri Gagarin, 1961
47
First woman in space
Valentina Tereshkova, 1963
48
First spacewalk
Alexei Leonov, 1965. American Ed White 3 months later
49
NASA missions to send humans to space called...
Project Mercury
50
First US astronaut
Alan Shepard
51
First US man to orbit earth
John Glenn in Friendship 7
52
First probe on moon
Luna 2 (USSR) 1959
53
NASA programme to prepare for moon landing
Gemini
54
Apollo 11 rocket to moon
Saturn V
55
Probes to Mars
Mariner Mars Viking
56
Probes to Mercury
Mariner 10 Messenger BepiColombo, named after Giuseppe Colombo who invented gravitational slingshot
57
Only planets to spin anticlockwise
Venus and Uranus
58
Probes to Venus
Mariner 2 Venera Magellan Venus Express
59
New Horizons probe explored...
Pluto and Ultima Thule
60
Probes into deep space
Voyagers
61
Probes to Jupiter
``` Pioneer (on way to Saturn) Voyager (on way to deep space) Ulysses (sun-probe) Cassini (on way to Saturn) New Horizons (on way to deep space) ``` Galileo (first probe to orbit planet) Juno (travelled over poles)
62
Space stations
Salyut 1971 - astronauts died Skylab 1973 - reentered over outback 1979 Mir 1986-9 - first to be assembled in space
63
Space shuttle disasters
Challenger 1986 | Colombia 2003
64
What is Oort cloud
Cloud of comets orbiting Sun, 1000 times distance of pluto
65
Unit of distance to stars in astronomy
Parsec
66
What do capacitors do
Store energy that can be released very quickly (unlike batteries)
67
Mercury - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons
Slightly larger than moon Nearest to Sun Day is about 59 earth days Temps between -180 and 430 degrees May have icy water in areas of permanent shadow in deep craters at poles No atmosphere- thin exosphere of oxygen, sodium, hydrogen, helium and potassium
68
Venus - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons
Second planet from Sun Hottest planet Thick carbon dioxide atmosphere with closes of sulfuric acid Air pressure on surface 90 times that of earth Rotates in opposite direction to earth Day is 243 earth days - longer than year
69
Mars - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons
Half size of earth Similar day to earth 2 moons - phobos and deimos (named for horses pulling Aries chariot) Has largest volcano in solar system- Olympus Mons Thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon
70
Jupiter - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons
Twice as big as all other planets combined Hydrogen and helium atmosphere with clouds of ammonia and water 10 hour day More than 75 moons Great red spot is storm twice the size of worth, over 100 years old
71
Saturn - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moons
Atmosphere hydrogen and helium At least 53 moons including Enceladus (jets of water), Titan (methane lakes), Phoebe (cratered) 11 hour day Average density less than water
72
Uranus - position, size, atmosphere, day, temp, moon
Discovered by William Herschem 1781, observations by Johann Elert Bode who named it. Ice giant 13 rings, 27 moons names for Shakespeare and Alexander pope characters Rotates on its side Core is dense fluid of water, methane, ammonia Atmosphere is hydrogen and helium with small amount methane (gives blue colour)

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