Invertebrates

Question 1

what are 3 characteristics of invertebrates?

Answer 1

• heterotrophic
• multicellular
• eukaryotic

Question 2

what do invertebrates store carbohydrates in/as?

Answer 2

as glycogen in muscles/liver

Question 3

invertebrates don’t have cell walls but they do have _____

Answer 3

intercellular junctions

Question 4

invertebrates do have ____ and _____ tissue

Answer 4

muscle and nervous

Question 5

what type of reproduction?

Answer 5

mostly sexual

Question 6

what does the dominant organism produce?

Answer 6

flagellated sperm/sessile eggs

Question 7

the gametes fuse, do mitosis to form a blastocyst.. what is a blastocyst

Answer 7

hollow ball of cells

Question 8

what does the blastocyst do to form 3 tissue layers?

Answer 8

gastrulation

Question 9

what do some life cycles contain?

Answer 9

larval stage

Question 10

what are the 3 types of symmetry?

Answer 10

• none
• radial
• bilateral

Question 11

what are the 3 types of tissues?

Answer 11

• none
• diploblastic
• triploblastic

Question 12

what are the 2 tissues in diploblastic organisms and what do they form?

Answer 12

endoderm- gut

ectoderm- skin

Question 13

what are the 3 tissues in triploblastic and what do they form?

Answer 13

endoderm- digestive organs
mesoderm- muscles
ectoderm- skin/nerves

Question 14

what are the 3 types of body cavities? (ONLY IN TRIPLOBLASTS)

Answer 14

• acoelomates
• pseudocoelomates
• coelomates

Question 15

what are acoelomates?

Answer 15

no fluid-filled body cavities

Question 16

what are pseudocoelomates?

Answer 16

cavity between endoderm and mesoderm

endoderm floats freely in cavity

Question 17

what are coelomates?

Answer 17

body cavity with completely lined mesoderm

Question 18

what are the two types of development in coelomates?

Answer 18

• protostomes

- deuterostomes

Question 19

what does protostome and deuterostome mean?

Answer 19

• first mouth (blastosphere becomes)

- second mouth (aka blastosphere is anus first)

Question 20

what does the cell cleavage do in both protostomes and deuterostomes?

Answer 20

proto: spiral pattern
deutero: radial

Question 21

of protostomes and deuterostomes, which one has cells with a determinate developmental path?

Answer 21

protostome

Question 22

how does the mesoderm develop in proto/deuterostomes?

Answer 22

proto: schizocoelously
deutero: enterocoelously

Question 23

what do filter feeders do?

Answer 23

filter particles from water

Question 24

what happens in a two-way gut

Answer 24

food and waste enter/exit in the same opening

Question 25

what happens in a one way gut?

Answer 25

food moves from mouth to anus

Question 26

what happens in organisms with no circulatory systems?

Answer 26

they use diffusion only

Question 27

what happens in an open circulatory system?

Answer 27

blood leaves the vessels and puts blood on the tissues directly without capillaries

Question 28

what happens in a closed circulatory system?

Answer 28

blood stays in vessels and nutrients/waste diffuse in and out

Question 29

what are the 3 types of nervous systems?

Answer 29

- none - nerve net - central/peripheral nervous system

Question 30

what happens with a nerve net?

Answer 30

no cephalization or centralization | no head or brain/spinal chord... every neuron is equal

Question 31

what happens with CNS and PNS?

Answer 31

cephalization and centralization happen— correlates with ability to move

Question 32

what is segmentation?

Answer 32

repetition of a body part

Question 33

what does segmentation allow for?

Answer 33

evolutionary flexibility and separate functions

Question 34

what are the 5 things that invertebrates had to overcome when evolving to living on land?

Answer 34

- dehydration - sperm to egg - development of young - support of body - gas exchange

Question 35

what are the 3 types of respiration?

Answer 35

- diffusion - gills - trachea

Question 36

what does diffusion require?

Answer 36

organism must be... -small or -large surface area to volume ratio

Question 37

what are gills?

Answer 37

highly divided tissues

Question 38

what is a trachea?

Answer 38

branching tubules that bring gassed close to cells

Question 39

what are the 4 types of excretion?

Answer 39

- simple diffusion - protonephridia - metanephridia - malpighian tubules (most advanced)

Question 40

what are the 3 types of ASEXUAL reproduction?

Answer 40

- budding - parthenogenesis - fragmentation

Question 41

what is budding?

Answer 41

smaller organism grows from larger one

Question 42

what is parthenogenesis?

Answer 42

diploid egg produced and develops into clone of female

Question 43

what is fragmentation?

Answer 43

piece that is torn off from an organism

Question 44

what are characteristics of sexual reproduction in invertebrates?

Answer 44

- external/internal fertilization - external development - some hermaphrodites

Question 45

what do invertebrates do to regulate their temperature?

Answer 45

cold blooded, use behavior to control temp