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Biology - Zoology > Invertebrates - Crustaceans > Flashcards

Invertebrates - Crustaceans Flashcards

1
Q

What is the body plan?

A

Bilateral symmetry and coelomates

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2
Q

Why are crustaceans so diverse?

A

Jointed exoskeletons and appendages meaning flexibility and niche epxloitation

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3
Q

What are the high tagmosis body regions?

A

Cephalon followed by a trunk divided into a thorax and abdomen, with always a carapcace

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4
Q

Rostrum

A

This is a projection of the carapce over the eyes.

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5
Q

What are the features of the head region?

A

Brain, eyes, antennae and mouthparts

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6
Q

What is the brain structure?

A

Three fused ganglia, an anterior and protocerebrum and posterior deutoberebrum and tritocerebrum with optic nervses

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7
Q

What is the function of the antennae?

A

Envrionmental sensing like Aesthetascs

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8
Q

Aesthetascs

A

These are chemosensory receptors sensitive to chemical cues in the envrionment.

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9
Q

What is the structure of the Aesthetascs?

A

Many setae with a thin layer ofm ucos, with chemical receptors sensing envrionment compounds

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10
Q

What do mouthparts contains?

A

Mandibles and Maxillae with proteases and chitinases and maxillipeds for manipulaiton/grinding of food

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11
Q

What are the Maxillae and Maxillipeds involved in?

A

Manipulation and food friding

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12
Q

What are claws used for?

A

Feeding, defence and locmotion

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13
Q

What is the musculature of vlaws?

A

Attached to exosekeleton

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14
Q

What is the exoskeleton made of?

A

Chitin made of N-acetyglucosamine in fibrous chains cross-linking with other proteins and CaCO3

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15
Q

What are the functions of the exoskeleton?

A

Environmental protection and locmotion in jointed plates called sclerites, independence from envrionemetn and reduciton of water loss

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16
Q

What do sclerites do?

A

Provide attachment points for muscles used in locomotion.

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17
Q

What is the general mechanism of movement?

A

Muscular contraction and sclertite pulling causing joint bending co-ordinated by neutrons and sensory cells.

18
Q

Ecdysis

A

This is the shedding of an exoskeleton to grow a new one

19
Q

What is Ecdysis regulated by?

A

Ecdysteroids produced by the Y-Organ

20
Q

Y-Organ

A

This in crustaceans is the source of steroid hormon production and thus moult cycle regulation

21
Q

What are the four stages of moulting?

A

Intermoult
Pre-moult
Moult
Postmoult

22
Q

Intermoult

A

This is the period of which they are not actively moulting

23
Q

Pre-moult

A

This is the resorbition of old exoskeleton and syntehsis of a new on.

24
Q

How is pre-moult triggered?

A

Reduced levels of ecdysteroids triggering chitinase and protease to break it down

25
Q

Moult

A

This is the Ecdysis process intiiation with moulting fluid secretion by epidermal cells with enzymes

26
Q

Postmoult

A

This is inflation of the new exoskeleton by water and salts, hardening it

27
Q

What is the epidermis underlying he exoskeleton composed of?

A

Epicuticle, Exocuticle and Endocuticle (outermost-inner layer)

28
Q

Epicuticle

A

This is ocmposed of many hydrophobic molecules preventing water loss and protecting against envrionmental stress

29
Q

Exocuticle

A

This is mainly chitin for structural support.

30
Q

Endocuticle

A

This is the innermost layer, often more flexibile for molting facilitation throguh epidermal cells secretion of chitinases

31
Q

What are the types of circulation?

A

Through the ksin, gills, book lungs or Tracheae?

32
Q

Book Lungs

A

These are a series of flat membranes arranged in a stack allowing gas exchange.

33
Q

What is the structre of the book lungs?

A

Spiracle openings connected to internal air channnels for inhalation with membrnaous structures where gas exchange is facilitated

34
Q

How do gills work?

A

Dissolved O2 water captured with flow, gills found in the brachial chamber lined with epiodittes to increase surface area

35
Q

What is an exampel of crustacean suspension feeding mechanism?

A

HoSetae on Endittes in particle assimilation by water current generation in metachronal movement

36
Q

How do copepods feed?

A

Gyre generation layerally by antennae movement in sweep.

37
Q

What is the structure of the digestive system?

A

Foregut, Midgut and Hindgut: fore and hind lined with cuticle continous with exoskeleton.

38
Q

What is the function of the foregut?

A

Specialised region for storage and grinding of food where digested material transproted to the midgut

39
Q

What is the typical structure of circulation?

A

Ostiate heart with a pericardial cavity and vessels

40
Q

What is the reproductive method?

A

Dioecious with internal fertilization, using indirect or direct sperm transfer with spermatophores and spermathece

Biology - Zoology (10 decks)

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