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BS1007 > Invertibrate Exam > Flashcards

Invertibrate Exam Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Asymmetry

A

No body symmetry & grows as an irregular mass. Eg. Sponges

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2
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Body parts are arranged around a central axis. Eg, Cnidarians

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3
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

A single plain divided body into left side & right side.

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4
Q

Types of Symmetry

A

Asymmetry
Radial
Bilateral

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5
Q

Classification System Levels

A 
• Kingdom 
	• Phylum 
	• Class
	• Order 
	• Family 
	• Genus 
	• Species
Kinky People Can Often Find Good Sex
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6
Q

Kingdoms

A 
• Monera 
		bacteria
	• Protista 
		amoeba, slime moulds, etc. 
	• Fungi 
		mushrooms, yeasts, etc. 
	• Plantae 
	• Animalia
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7
Q

Innovations in animal evolution

A
  1. Body Symmetry
  2. Tissues
  3. Body Cavities
  4. Embryonic development
  5. Segmentation
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8
Q

Acoelomate

A

No cavity - organs embedded in mesoderm,

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9
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

False cavity - filled with fluid & suspended organs.

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10
Q

Coelomates

A

True cavity - better control since more muscles present .

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11
Q

Adult body parts are derived from which germ layers?

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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12
Q

Embryonic development in triploblastic animals:

A

1 - Fertilisation 2 - Fertilised egg divides 3 - Blastula forms 4 - Gastrula forms (germ layers)
5 - Embryo develops

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13
Q

Deuterostome and Protosome stage differences

A
  • 8 cell stage
  • 32 cell stage
  • blastopore
  • mouth & anus development
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14
Q

Parazoa

A

General lack of any definite symmetry (sponges).

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15
Q

Eumetazoa

A

Have a symmetry.

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16
Q

Triploblastic

A

3 germ layers (EME)

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17
Q

Diploblastic

A

2 germ layers (EE)

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18
Q

Phylum Porifera –> Classes

A

Calcarea
Demospongiae
Hexactindellia

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19
Q

Mesophyl

A

A gelatinous, protein-rich matrix found between the choanocyte layer and the epithelial layer of the body of a sponge.

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20
Q

Spongin

A

Protien made by sponges as endoskeleton. 90% of sponges use spongin. (10% use collagen)

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21
Q

Hemaphrodite

A

Animal containing both female & male reproductive organs.

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22
Q

Gonochoristic

A

Animal containing male OR female reproductive organs.

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23
Q

Metamerism

A

Evolution of head & brain area in the anterior end of animals.

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24
Q

Nephridia

A

A tubule that open to the exterior of an invertebrate and acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. Typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls.

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25
Phylum Cnidaria --> Classes
``` Hydrozoa Scyphozoa (jellyfish) Cubazoa (box jellyfish) Anthozoa (corals and anemones) Staurozoa (star jellies) ```
26
How many classes of phylum Cnidaria?
5
27
How many classes of phylum Porifera
3
28
Phylum Platyhelminths --> Classes
Class Turbellaria Subphylum Neodermata - Class Trematoda - Class Cercomeromorpha
29
Phylum Annelida --> Classes
Clitellata - Leaches - Earthworms Poluchaeta
30
How many classes of phylum Annelida
2
31
Phylum Cnidaria --> Class hydrozoa
- Majority of marine species | - Predators
32
Phylum Cnidaria --> Class cubozoa
- All marine - medusa is dominant nematocysts are fatal
33
Phylum Cnidaria --> Class anthozoa
- all marine - soft corals, anemones, sea fans, sea pens - solitary or colonial - no medusa
34
Phylum Cnidaria --> Class anthozoa --> orders
Hexacorallia (anemones & hard corals) | Octocorallia (soft corals)
35
Phylum Cnidaria --> Class Staurozoa
- no polyp stage
36
Phylum Platyhelminths
- flatworms - unsegmented - triploblastic - acoelomate - bilateral symmetry - digestive, reproductive, nervous, and excretory systems
37
Phylum Platyhelminths --> Class Turbellaria
- Mostly free living - Some predatory/scavenging - Locomotion via cillia and/or rhythmic muscular contractions
38
Phylum Platyhelminths --> Subphylum Neodermata --> Class Trematoda
- flatworms; always parasitic | - heavy infestation can cause disease
39
Phylum Platyhelminths --> Subphylum Neodermata --> Class Cercomeromorpha
always parasitic
40
Phylum Annelids
- free living or parasitic - Coelomate - Triploblastic - bilateral symmetry - digestive, muscular, excretory, and closed circulatory system
41
Phylum Annelids --> Class Citellata (Leaches)
- mostly freshwater & terrestial - anterior & posterior sucker - 32 segments - hermaphrodites
42
Phylum Annelids --> Class Citellata (Earthworms)
- mostly terrestial - up to 130 body segments - cephalisation (simple head - no eyes or jaws) - digestive, reproductive, excretory, nervous, closed circulatory (5 hearts), and respiratory systems - hermaphrodites
43
Phylum Annelids --> Class Polychaetes
- mostly marines - most complicated annelid - parapodia - found in most segments - digestive, circulatory, reproductive, & nervous systems - sexual reproduction - dioecious
44
Phylum Mollusca
- triploblastic - coelomate - protosomes - bilateral symmetry - complicated systems
45
Phylum Mollusca circulatory systems
Open circulation= → Blood collected from gills→ Heart→ Spaces in the tissues (hemocoel) → Gills Closed circulation= cephalopods have 3 hearts; two branchial hearts move blood through the gills, one systemic heart moves blood through the body in vessels
46
Phylum Mollusca body plan
three main parts; the foot, visceral mass and the mantle.
47
Phylum Mollusca --> classes
``` Bivalvia Cephalopoda Polypalacophora Gastropoda Caudofoveata Solenogastres Monoplaccophora Scaphopoda ```
48
How many classes of Phylum Mollusca
8
49
Phylum Mollusca --> class polyplacophora
Foot- broad & flat Mantle - from foot to base of plates Shells - 8 overlapping plates Head - simple Radula - present Ink - absent
50
Phylum Mollusca --> class bivalvia
Foot - reduced Mantle - lines both halves of shell Shell - 2 shells held together by a hinge Head - absent Radula - absent (filter feeders) Ink - absent
51
Phylum Mollusca --> class gastropoda
Foot - well developed Mantle - absent Shell - varied morphology Head - present (eyes & tentacles) Radula - present (rasping food) Ink - absent
52
Phylum Mollusca --> class cephalopods
Foot - modified into siphon & tentacles Mantle - used for locomotion via jet propulsion Shell - dependant on subclass Head - large, well developed, prominent eyes Radula - present with beak Ink - present
53
Phylum Arthropoda --> classes
Chelicerata Crustacea Insecta Myriapoda
54
How many classes of Phylum arthropoda?
4
55
Phylum Arthropoda
- triploblastic - coelomate - bilateral symmetry - exoskeleton made from chitin - jointed appendages - metamerism ( 2-3 segments)
56
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Chelicerata
- chelicerae: feeding appendages, part of the mouth - pedipalps: used for sperm transfer or feeding, jointed appendages - never have antennae - 4 pairs of walking legs
57
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Chelicerata --> Orders
``` Araneae - spiders Opiliones - daddy long legs Acari -mites and ticks Scorpions Pycnogonids -sea spiders Xiphosuran - Horseshoe crabs ```
58
Why are insects so successful?
1. Small size 2. Short life cycle 3. Large reproductive ability 4. Life history with Metamorphosis 5. Wings - 6. Evolutionary interactions with other Organisms 7. Adaption of appendages
59
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Crustaccea --> Orders
Branchiopod – water fleas, brine shrimp Copepoda Cirripedia - barnacles Malacostraca – prawns, crabs
60
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Crustaccea
- two main body parts, cephalothorax and abdomen | - have mandibles and nauplius larvae
61
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Hexapoda
Three main body regions - Head: 1 pair antennae, compound eyes, mouthparts - Thorax: 3 pairs of legs (jointed and uniramous) - Abdomen: reproductive, digestive and respiratory structures
62
Phylum Echinodermata
- deutrostomes - triploblastic - coelomate - endoskeleton - water vascular system
63
Phylum Echinodermata --> Classes
``` Asteroidea (sea stars) Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) Echinoidea (sea urchins) Holothuroidea (sea cocumbers) Crinoidea (feather stars & sea lillies) ```

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