Investigations in Earth and Space Science Semester A 2014 Examination

Question 1

Balance (Skills and Processes)

Answer 1

To bring into equilibrium.

Skills and Processes

Question 2

Conclusion (Skills and Processes)

Answer 2

The act of ending something.

Skills and Processes

Question 3

Data Analysis (Skills and Processes)

Answer 3

The process of compiling, analyzing, and interpreting the results of primary and secondary data collection.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 4

Dependent Variable ( Skills and Processes)

Answer 4

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 4

Density (Skills and Processes)

Answer 4

The amount of matter in a given space.

Skills and Processes

Question 5

Graduated Cylinder (Skills and Processes)

Answer 5

Instrument used to measure volume of a liquid.

Skills and Processes

Question 6

Hypothesis (Skills and Processes)

Answer 6

A message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 7

Independent Variable (Skills and Processes)

Answer 7

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 8

Pattern (Skills and Processes)

Answer 8

A plan, diagram, or model to be followed when making things.

Skills and Processes

Question 9

Pi Graph (Skills and Processes)

Answer 9

Divided into sectors that illustrate proportion.

Skills and Processes

Question 10

Prediction (Skills and Processes)

Answer 10

A statement made about the future.

Skills and Processes

Question 11

Procedure (Skills and Processes)

Answer 11

A process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 12

Range (Skills and Processes)

Answer 12

The limits of the values a function can take.

Skills and Processes

Question 13

Ratio (Skills and Processes)

Answer 13

The relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).
(Skills and Processes)

Question 14

Sample Size (Skills and Processes)

Answer 14

The number of subjects used in an experiment or study.

Skills and Processes

Question 15

Scientific Model (Skills and Processes)

Answer 15

A representation of an object or event that can be studied to understand the real object or event.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 16

Scientific Notation (Skills and Processes)

Answer 16

A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.
(Skills and Processes)

Question 17

Trend (Skills and Processes)

Answer 17

The general direction in which something tends to move.

Skills and Processes

Question 18

Absorption (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 18

The process when one thing becomes part of another thing, or the process of something soaking, either literally or figuratively.
(Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 19

Albedo (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 19

The fraction of solar energy (shortwave radiation) reflected from the Earth back into space.
(Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 19

Air Pressure (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 19

The force exerted by air, whether compressed or unconfined, on any surface in contact with it.
(Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 20

Angle of Incoming (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 20

An angle measured between an incoming light ray and a line drawn perpendicular to the surface of an object.
(Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 21

Atmosphere (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 21

The gaseous mass or envelope surrounding a celestial body, especially the one surrounding the earth, and retained by the celestial body’s gravitational field.
(Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 22

Biosphere (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 22

The part of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life.
(Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 23

Bottom Current (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 23

The movement of water along the bottom of reservoirs or rivers. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 24

Circulation (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 24

Free movement or passage. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 25

Cloud Coverage (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 25

The fraction of the sky obscured by clouds when observed from a particular location. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 26

Conduction (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 26

The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 27

Convection (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 27

Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 28

Coriolis Effect (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 28

The deflection of a body in motion with respect to the earth as seen by an observer on the earth, attributed to a hypothetical force but actually caused by the earth's rotation. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 29

Currents (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 29

Streams of cool or warm water that continuously churn the oceans and affect climate over vast geographical zones. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 30

Density Driven (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 30

A flow of water maintained by gravity through a large body of water, such as a reservoir or lake, and retaining its unmixed identity because of a difference in density. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 31

El Niño (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 31

A warming of the eastern tropical Pacific occurring every few years, which alters the weather pattern of the tropics. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 32

Energy Budget (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 32

A balance sheet of energy income against expenditure. | Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy

Question 33

Energy Transfer (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 33

The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 34

Equator (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 34

An imaginary line drawn on the Earth and spaced equally between the North and South Pole. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 35

Equinox (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 35

the time when the sun crosses the plane of the earth's equator, making night and day of approximately equal length all over the earth and occurring about March 21. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 36

Heat Transfer (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 36

The transition of thermal energy or simply heat from a hotter object to a cooler object. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 37

High Pressure (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 37

Having, using, involving, or designed to withstand a pressure above normal pressure. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 38

Hydrosphere (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 38

The water on or surrounding the surface of the globe, including the water of the oceans and the water in the atmosphere. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 39

Infrared (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 39

The part of the invisible spectrum that is contiguous to the red end of the visible spectrum. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 40

La Niña (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 40

A cooling of the ocean surface off the western coast of South America, occurring periodically every 4 to 12 years and affecting Pacific and other weather patterns. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 41

Latitude (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 41

The measurement of a part of the Earth in relation to the north or south of the Earth's equator. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 42

Low Pressure (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 42

Having, using, involving, or designed to withstand a pressure below normal pressure. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 43

Monsoon (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 43

A seasonal, intense wind that blows from the southwest from April to October and from the northeast at other time of the year in parts of Asia, creating heavy rainstorms. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 44

Northern Hemisphere (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 44

The half of the Earth between the North Pole and the equator. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 45

Prevailing Winds (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 45

A wind that blows predominantly from a single general direction. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 46

Radiation (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 46

The transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 47

Reflection (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 47

The change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 48

Revolution (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 48

The movement of one object around a center or another object. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 49

Rotation (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 49

The process or act of turning or circling around something. | Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy

Question 50

Seasons (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 50

The shift in the angle at which the Sun's rays strike the Earth. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 51

Solar Radiation (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 51

The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 52

Solstice (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 52

The definition of solstice is the time when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point at noon, resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 53

Southern Hemisphere (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 53

The half of the Earth between the South Pole and the equator. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 54

Surface Current (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 54

Horizontal movement of water in depths of less than 1300 ft. | Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy

Question 55

Water Cycle (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 55

The way that water moves between being water vapor to liquid water and then back to water vapor. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 56

Wind Driven Currents (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Answer 56

A current produced in a body of water by blowing over the water surface. (Fluid Circulation and Solar Energy)

Question 57

Astronomical Unit (Astronomy)

Answer 57

A unit of measurement equal to 149.6 million kilometers, the mean distance from the center of the earth to the center of the sun. (Astronomy)

Question 58

Aurora (Astronomy)

Answer 58

A glow in a planet's ionosphere caused by the interaction between the planet's magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun. (Astronomy)

Question 59

Big Bang (Astronomy)

Answer 59

The cosmic explosion that marked the origin of the universe. | Astronomy

Question 60

Black Hole (Astronomy)

Answer 60

An object in space so dense that its escape velocity exceeds the speed of light. (Astronomy)

Question 61

Coronal Mass Ejection (Astronomy)

Answer 61

A large-scale solar event involving an ejection of hot plasma that may accelerate charged particles and travel as far as the Earth's orbit, preceded by a shock front that may create a magnetic storm on Earth. (Astronomy)

Question 62

Degrees Kelvin (Astronomy)

Answer 62

A unit of measurement for temperature. | Astronomy

Question 63

Eclipse (Astronomy)

Answer 63

The partial or complete obscuring, relative to a designated observer, of one celestial body by another. (Astronomy)

Question 64

Elliptical Orbit (Astronomy)

Answer 64

An oval-shaped path of a celestial body. | Astronomy

Question 65

Giant Star (Astronomy)

Answer 65

``` Any of a class of highly luminous, exceptionally massive stars. (Astronomy) ```

Question 66

Kepler's Laws (Astronomy)

Answer 66

Three empirical laws of planetary motion stated by Johannes Kepler. (Astronomy)

Question 67

Lunar Eclipse (Astronomy)

Answer 67

The obscuration of the light of the moon by the intervention of the earth between it and the sun. (Astronomy)

Question 68

Main Sequence Star (Astronomy)

Answer 68

A major grouping of stars that forms a relatively narrow band from the upper left to the lower right when plotted according to luminosity and surface temperature on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. (Astronomy)

Question 69

Nebula (Astronomy)

Answer 69

A diffuse mass of interstellar dust or gas or both, visible as luminous patches or areas of darkness depending on the way the mass absorbs or reflects incident radiation. (Astronomy)

Question 70

Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation (Astronomy)

Answer 70

Every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Astronomy)

Question 71

Nuclear Fusion (Astronomy)

Answer 71

A process in which several small nuclei combine to make a larger one whose mass is slightly smaller than the sum of the small ones. (Astronomy)

Question 72

Planetary Probe (Astronomy)

Answer 72

A scientific space exploration mission in which a spacecraft leaves Earth and explores space. (Astronomy)

Question 73

Protostar (Astronomy)

Answer 73

A contracting mass of gas that represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun. (Astronomy)

Question 74

Radio Telescope (Astronomy)

Answer 74

An instrument used to detect radio emissions from the sky, whether from natural celestial objects or from artificial satellites. (Astronomy)

Question 75

Revolution (Astronomy)

Answer 75

The movement of one object around a center or another object. (Astronomy)

Question 76

Rotation (Astronomy)

Answer 76

The process or act of something turning. | Astronomy

Question 77

Satellite Based (Astronomy)

Answer 77

A celestial body that orbits a planet. | Astronomy

Question 78

Solar Eclipse (Astronomy)

Answer 78

The obscuring of the light of the sun by the intervention of the moon between it and a point on the earth. (Astronomy)

Question 79

Solar Flare (Astronomy)

Answer 79

A sudden eruption of magnetic energy released on or near the surface of the sun, usually associated with sunspots and accompanied by bursts of electromagnetic radiation and particles. (Astronomy)

Question 80

Spectrometer (Astronomy)

Answer 80

An instrument that measures the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. (Astronomy)

Question 81

Star Cycle (Astronomy)

Answer 81

The sequence of changes that occurs in a star as it ages. | Astronomy

Question 82

Sunspots (Astronomy)

Answer 82

Relatively cool dark spots appearing periodically in groups on the surface of the sun. (Astronomy)

Question 83

Supernova (Astronomy)

Answer 83

A rare celestial phenomenon involving the explosion of most of the material in a star, resulting in an extremely bright, short-lived object that emits vast amounts of energy. (Astronomy)

Question 84

Telescope (Astronomy)

Answer 84

An optical instrument that makes far away objects look closer by using a special arrangement of lenses and mirrors. (Astronomy)

Question 85

Tides (Astronomy)

Answer 85

The rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. (Astronomy)

Question 86

White Dwarf Star (Astronomy)

Answer 86

The remnant of a star that has collapsed, having an extremely dense state with no empty space between its atoms, but not reaching the extremely dense state of a neutron star or black hole. (Astronomy)