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Investments Class Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Return

A

buy an asset of any type, your gain (or loss) from that investment

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2
Q

2 components of return

A

First, you may receive
some cash directly while you own the investment. Second, the value of the asset you purchase
may change. In this case, you have a capital gain or capital loss on your investment

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3
Q

Total Dollar Return

A 
sum of the dividend income and the
capital gain (or loss):
Total dollar return = Dividend income + Capital gain (or loss)
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4
Q

dividend yield

A

The annual stock dividend as a percentage of the initial stock price.
Dividend yield = Dt / Pt

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5
Q

Capital Gains Yield

A

change in the price during the year (the capital gain) divided by the beginning
price.

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6
Q

effective annual return (EAR)

A

The return on an investment
expressed on a per-year, or
“annualized,” basis.
1 + EAR = (1 + holding period percentage return) ^m

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7
Q

total market capitalization (or market

“cap” for short)

A

its stock price multiplied by the number of shares of stock.

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8
Q

risk-free rate

A

The rate of return on a riskless

investment.

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9
Q

risk premium

A

The extra return on a risky asset
over the risk-free rate; the reward
for bearing risk.

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10
Q

investment policy statement, or IPS,

A

divided into two sections: objectives
and constraints. In thinking about investor objectives, the most fundamental question is: Why
invest at all?

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11
Q

investment horizon

A

planned life of the investment

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12
Q

liquidity

A

high degree of liquidity is one that can be
sold quickly without a significant price concession. One part of liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be
sold. The other part is how much you have to lower the price to sell the asset quickly.

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13
Q

market timing

A

Buying and selling in anticipation of the overall direction of a market. you might move money into the stock market when you think stock prices will rise. Or you might move money out of the stock market when you think stock prices will fall.

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14
Q

asset allocation

A

The distribution of investment funds among broad classes of assets.

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15
Q

thumb of rule in asset allocation

A

one of the simplest being to split the portfolio into 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds.
Equity precentage is your age minus 100 or 120

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16
Q

security selection

A

Selection of specifi c securities within a particular class.

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17
Q

Active

A

You actively vary your holding per class. You keep changing partiular stocks.

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18
Q

Passive

A

seldom change asset allocations and you might just acquire a diverse group of small
stocks, perhaps by buying a mutual fund

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19
Q

deep-discount broker

A

only services provided are account maintenance

and order execution—that is, buying and selling.

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20
Q

full-service broker

A

investment advice regarding the
types of securities and investment strategies that might be appropriate for you to consider
brokerage fi rms do extensive research on individual companies and securities
and maintain lists of recommended

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21
Q

Discount brokers

A

offering more investment counseling than the deep-discounters and lower commissions
or fees than the full-service brokers

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22
Q

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC

A

protects money deposited into bank accounts during bank failure

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23
Q

Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC)

A

Insurance fund covering investors’ brokerage accounts with member firms. restore funds to investors who have securities in the hands of bankrupt or
financially troubled brokerage firms.

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24
Q

cash accounts

A

A brokerage account in which all
transactions are made on a strictly
cash basis.

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25
margin accounts
subject to limits, purchase securities on credit using | money loaned to you by your broker.
26
call money rate
The interest rate brokers pay to borrow bank funds for lending to customer margin accounts
27
spread
additional interest you pay depending on your broker and the size of the loan
28
margin
The portion of the value of an | investment that is not borrowed.
29
initial margin
The minimum margin that must be supplied on a securities purchase. own cash amt = im * total order
30
maintenance margin or house margin
The minimum margin that must | be present at all times in a margin account.
31
margin call
A demand for more funds that occurs when the margin in an account drops below the maintenance margin.
32
critical price
the lowest price before you get a margin call
33
hypothecation
Pledging securities as collateral | against a loan.
34
street name
An arrangement under which a broker is the registered owner of a security.
35
Roth individual retirement account (Roth IRA)
With the first type, you pay taxes today on money you earn. If you then invest these aftertax dollars in a retirement savings account, you pay no taxes at all when you take the money out later. This means that dividends, interest, and capital gains are not taxed, which is a big break.
36
long position
An investor who buys and owns shares of stock An investor with a long position will make money if the price of the stock increases and lose money if it goes down. In other words, a long investor hopes that the price will increase.
37
short sale
A sale in which the seller does | not actually own the security that is sold
38
short position
selling stock and hoping price will drop
39
What happens to margin when stock price drops?
Margin = total order - loan/ ( #shares * price) | So high price means margin will drop
40
Classification of Financial Assets
interest-bearing, equities, derivatives
41
money market | instruments
1. They are essentially IOUs sold by large corporations or governments to borrow money. 2. They mature in less than one year from the time they are sold, meaning that the loan must be repaid within one year.
42
fi xed-income securities
lives that exceed 12 months at the time they are issued.
43
PREFERRED STOCK
the dividend on a preferred share is usually fi xed at some amount
44
primary asset
Security originally sold by a business or government to raise money. Thus, stocks and bonds are primary fi nancial assets.
45
derivative asset
``` A fi nancial asset that is derived from an existing traded asset rather than issued by a business or government to raise capital. More generally, any fi nancial asset that is not a primary asset. ```
46
futures contract
An agreement made today regarding the terms of a trade that will take place later.
47
option contract
An agreement that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific asset at a specified price for a set period of time.
48
call option
An option that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset.
49
put option
An option that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset.
50
option premium
The price you pay to buy an option.
51
strike price
``` The price specifi ed in an option contract at which the underlying asset can be bought (for a call option) or sold (for a put option). Also called the striking price or exercise price. ```
52
bid price
The bid price is the price you will receive if you want to sell an option at the prevailing market price;
53
ask price
the ask price is the price you will pay if you | want to buy an option at the prevailing market price.
54
In bond quote, bond prices are
Percentage of face value
55
If ytm > coupon then bond is selling at
At discount
56
If ytm < coupon then bond is selling at
Premium
57
Ytm =coupon rate then bond is selling at
Par
58
For bonds spread is the difference | And it is measured in
Yield and risk less yield | Measured in basis points
59
Basis points
1/100 of 1% | Or .0001
60
10 bps is what percentage
.10%
61
150 bps is what percentage?
1.50%
62
Current yield
Annual coupon / current price
63
From bond quote how to calculate dividend yield
Annualized div / closed price Or last qrt price *4 / closed price
64
Annualized PE
Price / Sum of the last 4 EPS
65
EPS
NI / #shares outstanding
66
3.57% | Convert bps
357 bps
67
9.73% | Convert bps
973 bps
68
Variance
Sum of Return minus avg return then square it | Then divide all by n-1
69
Standard deviation
Measure of variability
70
Coefficient of variance
Standard deviation
71
What do u do when u get a margin call
Sell securities or add money

Finance (16 decks)

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