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Science CCGS > Invisible Waves > Flashcards

Invisible Waves Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Good conductors

A

Metals

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2
Q

Insulators

A

Non-metals (wood)

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3
Q

Convection

A

When particles move from one place to the next- caused by heat

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4
Q

Transverse wave

A

The medium carrying the wave oscillates up and down, at right angles to the direction of energy transfer.

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5
Q

Longitudinal/ compression waves

A

Series of compressions (particles close together) and rarefactions (particles spread apart) and the medium oscillates side to side.

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6
Q

Frequency

A

Number of complete waves to pass a given point in one second- measure in hertz.

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7
Q

Amplitude

A

The height about the equilibrium in a transverse wave and the distance particles vibrate from their normal position in longitudinal waves.

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8
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs in transverse waves and between compressions in longitudinal waves.

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9
Q

Sound

A
  • produced when an object vibrates and passes vibrations in to the air.
  • back and forth vibrations of air particles (compression wave).
  • cannot travel through vacuum.
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10
Q

Speed of sound

A
  • 330 m/s

- faster in denser mediums

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11
Q

What is supersonic speed?

A

Speeds faster than the speed of sound.

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12
Q

What is an echo?

A

Sound waves that reflect off solid objects.

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13
Q

What is echolocation?

A

High frequency sound pulses that reflect of objects which helps determine size, direction and movement. Used by ocean animals.

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14
Q

Ultrasound

A

Frequencies higher that the humans hearing abilities.

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15
Q

Sonar

A

Ultrasound that gets sent underwater and then reflects off objects and then received by receiver.

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16
Q

What measure sound?

A

Cathrode Ray Oscilloscope which detects sounds waves and converts their features into a waveform.

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17
Q

Pitch

A

How quickly a sound makes air vibrate.

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18
Q

Frequency

A

Pitch

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19
Q

Amplitude

A

Volume

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20
Q

Waveform

A

High pitch- close together
Low pitch- spread apart
High volume- taller waves
Low volume- shorter waves

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21
Q

What is sound measured in?

A

Decibels (dB)

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22
Q

Pinna

A
  • outer ear

- directs sound waves into auditory canal.

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23
Q

Auditory canal

A
  • main tube

- keeps ear dust free and carries sound through to ear drum.

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24
Q

Ear drum

A
  • vibrates in response to sound waves.
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25
Bone ossicles
Ear drum sends vibrations and the bone ossicles pass them onto the fluid in the cochlea. Also helps maintaining balance.
26
Cochlea
Travel through
27
Auditory nerve
Nerve carries sound waves to brains auditory cortex
28
Eustachian tube
- connect ear and throat | - maintains equal pressure on both sides of ear drum.
29
Semi-circular canal
- near bone ossicles | - detects head movement and is responsible for balance
30
Light
- Travels in straight lines - transverse waves - can travel through vacuum
31
Speed of light
300 000 000 m/s
32
Luminous objects
Emit own light
33
Non-luminous objects
Reflect light coming from something else.
34
Opaque
Absorb light and doesn't allow any light to pass through.
35
Translucent
Scatters light but allows just enough light to pass through to identify shapes.
36
Transparent
All light is passed through
37
Law of reflection
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
38
The normal
Perpendicular to object
39
Concave
Curved inwards, rays converge and images are enlarged.
40
Convex
Curved outwards, rays diverge and images are diminished.
41
Refraction
Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
42
Mediums
Denser medium = towards normal | Less dense medium = away from normal
43
Speed of light through medium
Decreases as it passes through a denser medium.
44
Convex lense
Rays converge to focal point
45
Concave lense
Rays diverge
46
Principle axis
Centre line
47
Principle focus
Light rays pass through a convex lens and intersect at principle focus.
48
Focal length
Between lens and focal point
49
Real image
- can be projected | - concave lens (converge)
50
Virtual image
- cannot be projected | - convex lens (diverge)
51
Sclera
- Outside of eye (white of the eye) | - protection
52
Retina
- back of eye | - receives light focused from the lens and converts it into neural signals and then sends the signals to the brain.
53
Optic nerve
Transfers visual information from the retina to the brain via electrical impulses.
54
Lens
By changing shape, it changes the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances.
55
Iris
- two covers in front of lens | - controls the amount of light let into the eye
56
Fovea
- little cut in the retina | - responsible for accurate vision
57
Cornea
- first layer of eye | - refracts incoming light so that it passes trough the pupil towards the lens.
58
Ciliary muscles
- connected to lens | - muscles that change the lens shape to allow focusing images of objects at different distances.
59
Choroid
- second layer in between retina and sclera | - light absorbing layer
60
Aqueous humor
- between cornea and lens | - maintains pressure and nourishes the cornea and lens
61
How is an image seen by the eye?
Inverted and diminished but brain changes it.
62
Focus and the lens
Distant- lens is thin and ciliary muscles are relaxed | Near- lens is thick and ciliary muscles are contracted
63
Myopia
- distant objects out of focus and near in focus - light focuses infront of retina - eye is too long - concave lens to fix
64
Hyperopia
- distant objects in focus and near out of focus - light focuses behind retina - eye is too short - convex lens
65
Why is two eyes better than one?
Helps with depth perception
66
What is white light?
A mixture of the colours of the spectrum
67
Colours of the rainbow
ROYGBIV
68
What is dispersion?
The splitting of light into the colours of the spectrum.
69
How is colour seen?
By absorbing all colour of the spectrum except reflecting the colour of the object.
70
Primary colours
Red blue and green
71
How are secondary colours formed?
When primary colours overlap
72
How do filters work?
Only allows a certain colour to pass through them.
73
Retina and colours
3 colour receptors called cones and they detect primary colours
74
What is colour blindness?
When one or more cones is missing or not functioning properly.
75
Conduction
When particles receive heat energy and start to move around and then collide with nearby particles and pass the heat on.

Science CCGS (5 decks)

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