Iodine Deficiency

Question 1

Where is most of the iodine in the body stored?

Answer 1

Thyroid gland

Question 2

What is the primary route of iodine excretion from the body?

Answer 2

Urine

Question 3

Which food source is richest in iodine?

Answer 3

Seafood and saltwater fish

Question 4

What is the recommended daily iodine intake for pregnant and lactating women?

Answer 4

250 μg/day

Question 5

What is the minimum iodine requirement to replace thyroid hormone turnover?

Answer 5

50 μg/day

Question 6

What is the leading cause of preventable intellectual impairment worldwide?

Answer 6

Iodine deficiency

Question 7

What condition is caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy leading to mental retardation and deaf mutism?

Answer 7

Nervous cretinism

Question 8

Which clinical condition is associated with iodine deficiency during late fetal and postnatal life?

Answer 8

Myxoedematous cretinism

Question 9

What prevalence of goiter among school-aged children indicates severe iodine deficiency?

Answer 9

≥30%

Question 10

What is the urinary iodine level that indicates severe iodine deficiency?

Answer 10

<20 μg/L

Question 11

What is the most effective method for preventing iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)?

Answer 11

Universal salt iodization

Question 12

What method is used for short-term iodine supplementation in areas without iodized salt access?

Answer 12

Administration of iodized oil

Question 13

Which method is a non-invasive way to measure thyroid size for IDD assessment?

Answer 13

Ultrasonography

Question 14

What is the median urinary iodine concentration indicating adequate iodine nutrition?

Answer 14

100–199 μg/L

Question 15

What dietary measure can reduce the impact of goitrogens in food?

Answer 15

Cooking the food

Question 16

What substance in cabbage, turnips, and cassava can block iodine absorption?

Answer 16

Goitrogens

Question 17

Which laboratory test is a valuable indicator of iodine deficiency in neonates?

Answer 17

Elevated TSH levels (≥20 mIU/L)

Question 18

What is the prevalence cutoff for goiter in school-aged children that indicates no public health problem?

Answer 18

0–4.9%

Question 19

How long does a single injection of iodized oil protect against iodine deficiency?

Answer 19

2–4 years

Question 20

What measure involves the addition of iodine to water supply in remote areas?

Answer 20

Iodization of water supply

Question 21

What percentage of the body’s iodine is stored in the thyroid gland?

Answer 21

75%

Question 22

Which glands, apart from the thyroid, store smaller amounts of iodine in the body?

Answer 22

Salivary, mammary, gastric glands, and kidneys

Question 23

What is the iodine content range in saltwater fish per 100 grams of meat?

Answer 23

30–300 μg

Question 24

What is the iodine content range in freshwater fish per 100 grams of meat?

Answer 24

20–40 μg

Question 25

What is the recommended iodine intake for preschool children aged 0–59 months?

Answer 25

90 μg/day

Question 26

At what iodine intake does endemic goiter commonly develop?

Answer 26

Less than 50 μg/day

Question 27

What is the WHO classification for a goiter that is visible with the head tilted back?

Answer 27

Grade 1B

Question 28

What is the urinary iodine concentration range indicating moderate iodine deficiency?

Answer 28

20–49 μg/L

Question 29

Which thyroid hormone-related blood marker is particularly useful in neonatal iodine deficiency screening?

Answer 29

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 30

Which iodine deficiency disorder is characterized by dwarfism, myxedema, and mental retardation but no spasticity or deaf mutism?

Answer 30

Myxoedematous cretinism

Question 31

What is the minimum amount of iodine required daily to replace thyroid hormone turnover?

Answer 31

50 μg/day

Question 32

Which food sources naturally contain goitrogens that block iodine utilization?

Answer 32

Cabbage, turnips, peanuts, soybeans, and cassava

Question 33

What is the prevalence of Total Goiter Rate (TGR) in school-age children indicating a severe iodine deficiency problem?

Answer 33

≥30%

Question 34

Which method of assessing thyroid size provides more precise measurements compared to palpation?

Answer 34

Ultrasonography

Question 35

What is the concentration cut-off value of neonatal TSH levels indicating iodine deficiency?

Answer 35

≥20 mIU/L

Question 36

How long does a single intramuscular injection of iodized oil provide protection against iodine deficiency?

Answer 36

2–4 years

Question 37

What is the most effective method for the virtual elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD)?

Answer 37

Universal salt iodization

Question 38

What is the urinary iodine concentration range indicating excessive iodine intake that may pose health risks?

Answer 38

≥300 μg/L