Ion Channel Blockers

Question 1

the heart is _______ to a mechanical pump

Answer 1

analogous

Question 2

total volume of blood in body

Answer 2

5 L

Question 3

the heart pumps at a rate of

Answer 3

5L per min

Question 4

1 beat per

Answer 4

0.8 sec

Question 5

100,000 beats per

Answer 5

day

Question 6

how many miles of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Answer 6

60,000 miles

Question 7

blood takes ___, ____, and ___ to the body’s tissues via _______

Answer 7

oxygen, nutrients, and hormones

via arteries

Question 8

the blood takes ___, _______, and _______ from tissues via _______

Answer 8

carbon dioxide (CO2), urea, and waste materials
via veins

Question 9

how many chambers in the heart

Answer 9

4

Question 10

the heart is a __ chambered ___ pump

Answer 10

4

double

Question 11

the heart has both _____ and _____ aspects

Answer 11

mechanical and electrical

Question 12

ventricular pressure and ventricular volume

Answer 12

mechanical aspect

Question 13

voltage: electrocardiogram

Answer 13

electrical aspect

Question 14

Electrocardiogram have _____ vs. ______

Answer 14

voltage vs. time plot

Question 15

a recording of the heart’s electrical activity

Answer 15

electrocardiogram (ECG)

electrokardiogram (EKG)

Question 16

a measure of brain electrical activity

Answer 16

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 17

irregular heartbeat

Answer 17

cardiac arrhythmia

Question 18

typical heart rate

Answer 18

75 bpm

Question 19

tachycardia heart rate is

Answer 19

> 100 bpm;

too fast

Question 20

bradycardia heart rate is

Answer 20

< 60 bpm

too slow

Question 21

irregular heart rate is

Answer 21

extra beats
skipped beats
nature of the beat

Question 22

most common arrhythmia is

Answer 22

atrial fibrillation

a-fib

Question 23

what treats a-fib

Answer 23

pharmacotherapy with ion channel inhibitors

Question 24

Each peak in the voltage vs. time plot is

Answer 24

a heart beat

Question 25

inside myocyte cell is

Answer 25

intracellular; cytosol

Question 26

ionic basis of action potentials inside of the mycoyte are Na+ K+ Ca2+

Answer 26

Low Na+ = 20mM High K+ = 150 mM Low Ca2+ = < 0.0001 mM

Question 27

ionic basis of action potentials outside mycoyte cell are

Answer 27

High Na+ = 145mM Low K+ = 4 mM High Ca2+ = 2 mM

Question 28

outside mycote cell is

Answer 28

extracellular | blood

Question 29

cardiac cells are

Answer 29

mycocytes

Question 30

cardiac cells (myocytes) have ______ across the cell membrane

Answer 30

electrical potential

Question 31

Nerst Electrochemistry Equation

Answer 31

E (volts) ∝ log (Na outisde cell / Na inside cell)

Question 32

differential ion concentration establishes

Answer 32

resting membrane potential

Question 33

ion flow generates

Answer 33

electrical current

Question 34

unassisted ion can

Answer 34

not cross membrane

Question 35

are ions polar or nonpolar

Answer 35

polar (hydrophilic)

Question 36

interior of a membrane is polar or nonpolar

Answer 36

nonpolar (hydrophobic)

Question 37

protein loop that distinguishes Na, K, Ca & etc

Answer 37

selectivity filter

Question 38

cavity for hydrated ions; large enough to bind drugs

Answer 38

vestibule

Question 39

protein helix whose movement controls "open" or "closed" states of the channel

Answer 39

gate