Ionic And Convalent Bonding

Question 1

What are Ions?

Answer 1

Ions are charged particles - they can be single atoms all groups of atoms.

Question 2

What are negative Ions?

Answer 2

Negative ions form when atom gains electrons - they have more electrons than protons. They are also called anions.

Question 3

What are positive ions?

Answer 3

Positive ions for one atom lose electrons - they have more protons than electrons. They are also called cations.

Question 4

What is the charge of an ion?

Answer 4

The charge of an ion is the number of electrons lost or gained.

Question 5

What is the charge of the ion if 2 electrons are lost?

Answer 5

If elections are lost the charges is 2+.

Question 6

What is the charge of an ion if it has gained 3 electrons?

Answer 6

If three electrons gained the charge is 3-.

Question 7

Which are the groups that are metals?

Answer 7

It’s 1, 2, 3.

Question 8

Which are the groups that are non-metals?

Answer 8

It’s 4, 5, 6.

Question 9

How are metal charged?

Answer 9

Metals lose electrons to form positive ions.

Question 10

How are non-metals charged?

Answer 10

No metals gain electrons to form negative ions. They are negatively charged.

Question 11

What is an ionic Compound?

Answer 11

An ionic compound is a transfer of electrons from one ion to the other. They are also made of positive recharged parts and negative recharged parts. Their overall charge is 0.

Question 12

What happens when metal and a non-metal react together?

Answer 12

The metal atom loses an electrons and the non-metal gains this electrons.

Question 13

What is electrostatic attraction?

Answer 13

It is the strong attraction between two ions, one positively charged and the other one negatively charged.

Question 14

Are groups 1,2,3 metals or non metals?

Answer 14

They are metals.

Question 15

Are groups 5,6,7 metals or non metals?

Answer 15

They are non-metals.

Question 16

Is group 4 in the periodic table metal or non-metal?

Answer 16

All the group 4 elements are hard, refractory metals.

Question 17

What happens when atoms lose or gain electrons?

Answer 17

Simple ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons.

Question 18

What happens when atoms gain electrons?

Answer 18

Atoms have more electrons than protons, they are negatively charged ions (anions).

Question 19

What happens when atoms lose electrons?

Answer 19

Have more protons than electrons, they are positively charged ions (cations).

Question 20

How do you calculate the numbers of protons and neutrons in an ion?

Answer 20

To calculate the number of protons and neutrons in an ion you have to use the same way as for atom. The number of protons is the atomic number, and the protons and neutrons are the mass mass number.

Question 21

What have the elements in the same group in common?

Answer 21

Elements in the same group all have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.

Question 22

Do group 1,2,3 gain or lose electrons?

Answer 22

They lose electrons to form positive ions.

Question 23

Do Group 5,6,7 elements lose gain electrons?

Answer 23

They gain electrons and they form negative ions.

Question 24

What happens when a metal and a non-metal react together?

Answer 24

The oppositely charged iron as strongly attracted to one another. This is called ionic bond.

Question 25

What are Ionic Compounds made out of?

Answer 25

Compounds are made up of positively charged parts and negatively charged parts.

Question 26

What is the overall charge of any ionic compound?

Answer 26

Overall Charge = 0

Question 27

How can you figure out the formula for an ionic compound?

Answer 27

You can use the charges on the individual ions to work out the formula for the ionic compound.

Question 28

What is the chemical formula for calcium nitrate?

Answer 28

Ca2+, NO3-

Question 29

What can you use to show what happens to the electrons when ionic bonding happens?

Answer 29

You can use a dot and cross diagram.

Question 30

What is the formula for Sodium Chloride?

Answer 30

NaCi

Question 31

What does the sodium atom give up to become a Na+ ion?

Answer 31

The sodium atom gives up its outer shell to become a Na+ ion.

Question 32

What does the chlorine atom pick up to become CI-?

Answer 32

The chlorine atom picks up the electron becoming a CI- ion.

Question 33

What does the magnesium atom give up to form a Mg2+ ion?

Answer 33

The magnesium atom gives up its 2 outer electrons to form an Mg2+ ion.

Question 34

What does the oxygen atom gain to become an O2- ion?

Answer 34

The oxygen atom has to gain the electrons from the magnesium atom to become an O2- ion.

Question 35

What does the aluminium atom give up to become an AI3+?

Answer 35

The aluminium atom has to give up 3 outer electrons to become an AI3+ ion.

Question 36

What does the chlorine atom has to pick up to become 3 CI- ion?

Answer 36

The chlorine atom has to pick up the 3 electrons from the aluminium atom to become 3 CI- ion.

Question 37

What do 2 sodium atoms have to give up to become 2 Na+ ion?

Answer 37

The 2 sodium atom have to give up their outer electrons to become 2 Na+ ion.

Question 38

What does the oxygen atom pick up to become an O2- ion?

Answer 38

The oxygen atom has to pick up the two electrons from the 2 sodium atoms to become an O2- ion.

Question 39

What do compounds with ionic bonding always have?

Answer 39

Compounds with ionic bonding always have giant ionic structures.

Question 40

What are the ions held together by?

Answer 40

The ions are held together in a closely packed 3-D lattice arrangement by the traction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 41

Is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions strong or weak?

Answer 41

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ion is very strong because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the strong attraction, ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.

Question 42

Are ionic compounds electrical conductors when they’re solid.

Answer 42

Ionic compounds are not electrical conductors when they’re solid. But if you melt them or dissolve them in water they are able to conduct electricity.

Question 43

What is the shape of an ionic compound?

Answer 43

Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure. They are very strong, they have a high melting and boiling point, they are not conductors, except when dissolved in water.

Question 44

What is Covalent Bonding?

Answer 44

Covalent bonding is when 2 atoms share one electron to each other.