Ionic Bonding

Question 1

When does ionic bonding take place ?

Answer 1

When a metal and a non metal react

Question 2

Ionic bonding between a group 1 element and a group 7 element .

Use lithium and chlorine as an example.

Answer 2

Group 1 metals have 1 electron in their outer shell

Group 7 non metals have 7 electrons in their outer shell

The group 1 metal transfers its outer shell electron to the group 7 non metal , forming two elements both with a full outer shell.

Group one metal becomes a 1+ ion
Group 7 non metal becomes a 1- ion.

Question 3

Ionic bonding between group 2 metals and group 6 non metals

Use oxygen and magnesium as examples

Answer 3

Magnesium transfers its 2 outer shell electrons to the oxygen atom to fill its outer shell.

Magnesium becomes 2+ ion while
Oxygen becomes a 2- oxide ion

Question 4

Ionic bonding between group 1 metals and group 6 non metals

Use lithium and oxygen as an example.

Answer 4

2 Li + O ➡️ 2Li⁺ + O^2-

Lithium - 1 outer shell electrons
Oxygen - 6 outer shell electrons

2 lithium outer shell electrons are needed for oxygen to gain a full outer shell so we need 2 lithium atoms

Question 5

Ionic bonding between group 2 metals and group 7 non metals

Use Calcium and Fluorine as examples.

Answer 5

Ca + 2F ➡️ [Ca]2+ + 2[F]-

Calcium is group 2 so has 2 electrons in its outer shell.

Fluorine is group 7 so has 7 electrons in its outer shell.

Each fluorine atom needs one more electron for a full outer shell. Calcium has 2 electrons to transfer so we need a second fluorine atom.

Question 6

What do ionic compounds form.

Answer 6

Giant ionic lattices

Question 7

Structure of a giant ionic lattice

Answer 7

Positive metal ions are surrounded by negative non metal ions.

Three dimensional structures

Question 8

What are the forces like in a giant ionic lattice

Answer 8

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive and negative ions, holding them in place.

These are also called ionic bonds which act in all directions.

Question 9

Properties of ionic compounds + the reasons behind them.

Answer 9

1) They have very high melting and boiling points.

This is because the strong electrostatic forces of attraction require a great deal of heat energy to break.

2) They cannot conduct electricity when they are a solid.

In a solid the ions are locked in place by strong electrostatic forces of attraction so the ions can vibrate but not move.

However they cannot conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved in water because they can now move and carry the electrical charge. IONS ARE MOVING NOT THE ELECTRONS.