Ionic bonding Flashcards
What is an ionic bond made up of?
Metals cations and non metals anions.
What is electronegativity?
The electron attracting power of an atom. Atoms with high electronegativities are able to attract electrons easy. Atoms with low electronegativities do not attract electrons readily.
How do metals and non metals react together?
Because the electrons lost by the metals can be taken up by the more electronegative nonmetals. These ions are oppositely charged and therefore attract each by an electrostatic attraction.
What type of bond are ionic compounds held together by?
An electrostatic attraction.
True or false; ionic substances are hard crystalline solids at room temp.
True. Because of the directional force between the cations and anions, a change in the arrangement will cause repulsions and the substance will split.
What does the high temperature of an ionic substance indicate? e.g. 800c
Its particles are arranged in repeating 3D patterns and are strongly held together.
Why can ionic substances conduct electricity in water?
The charged ions (cations and anions) are free to move and therefore can carry a charge and conduct electricity.
What is the structure of an ionic substance?
Are crystals that are composed of 3D arrays of positive metal ions and negative non metal ions.
What is an electrostatic attraction?
The bond between ionic substances by the oppositely charged ions.
What happens to an ionic compound if:
a) a blow to the plane of the ions
b) a blow along different plans of the ions
a) A clean split occurs
b) the crystal lattice shatters
Explain what ions of variable charges are.
Ions if variable charges are elements that can form multiple ions. This means that their ions will have different chemical and physical properties.
What is a polyatomic ion?
A group of tightly bound atoms that behave as a single unit and carries an overall charge. e.g. NH4+
What are hydrated ionic compounds?
An ionic substance that releases water which is part of their structure when they decompose upon heating. e.g. ZnCl2-4H2O
What are the properties of ionic compounds and why do they have these properties?
- crystalline solids: arrangement of ions in 3D patterns
- high melting/ boiling temp: large amount of energy is needed to separate bonds
- doesn’t conduct electricity: charged particles can’t move
- hard: can’t be scratched due to strong ionic bond
- dissolve in water to conduct electricity: water molecules free ions so they can carry a charge
- brittle: a distortion of the lattice would cause like charges to come close and they would then repulse and shatter the crystal
What are ionic compounds used for?
Food, high temperature insulators, fertilisers. Most minerals are ionic compounds.
