Ionic, Covalent, Metallic bonding

Question 1

Describe how ionic bonding occurs

Answer 1

• Electrons are transferred from the outer shell of the metals to the outer shell of the non-metal, to form a complete outer shell
• Metal forms a cation, and the non-metal forms an anion

Question 2

What is ionic bonding the result of
(forces)

Answer 2

• Ionic bonding is the result of electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
• ionic complaints always exist in a structure called a giant ionic lattice

Question 3

Why are ionic compounds always solid at room temperature

Answer 3

• Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, which require a great deal of energy to overcome

Question 4

Why do ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in solution

Answer 4

Ions are free to move and carry an electrical charge through the structure

Question 5

Why are ionic compounds brittle

Answer 5

When pressure is applied to ionic compounds, distorted like charged ions move closer to each other, and repulsion occurs

Question 6

Describe what is meant by metallic bonding

Answer 6

• The metal ions are compactly arranged in a lattice
• Electrons in the outer shell become part of a delocalised “sea” of electrons
• This results in a giant metallic structure

Question 7

Why are metallically bonded species good conductors if heat and electricity

Answer 7

Delocalised electrons can carry a charge and KE throughout the structure

Question 8

Why are metallically bonded species often very strong

Answer 8

• Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positively charged ions and negative delocalised electrons.
• A great deal of energy is required to overcome these forces

Question 9

Why do metallically bonded species have high melting and boiling points

Answer 9

• Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons
• A great deal of energy is required to overcome these forces

Question 10

Describe what is meant by covalent bonding

Answer 10

• Non-metal atoms share their outer electrons in order to gain a more stable electronic configuration

Question 11

What is 1 covalent bond equal to

Answer 11

1 shared pair of electrons

Question 12

What are the atoms within a covalent bond held together by

Answer 12

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus of each atom and the shared electrons

Question 13

Describe what is meant by a coordinate bond (aka dative covalent bond)

Answer 13

• A covalent bond where both of the electrons in the bond come from just one of the atoms involved
• So, the donating atom donates a lone pair