Ions Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are ions?
an electrically charged atom or group of atoms, results in metal and non-metals forming compounds
What makes an ion have a positive charge? negative charge?
when a metal loses electrons, it is left with more protons, so it results in a positive charge.
when a non-metal atom gains electrons, it is left with more electrons compared to protons therefore it results in a negative charge
what are negatively charged ions called? positively charged ions?
negatively charged ions are called anions.
positively charged ions are called cations
What process results in an ion?
Ionization-process of gaining or losing electrons
What is the process of naming a positively charged ion?
don’t change the name just add the word ion after
Ex: magnesium ion
what is the process of naming a negatively charged ion?
change the ending of the name to “ide”
Ex: oxide ion
what is the octet rule?
atoms bond in such a way to have 8 electrons in their valence energy levels
Exception: hydrogen, lithium, and beryllium
True or False: opposites attract when it comes to charges
True!
What are Univalent Ionic Compounds?
compounds where the metal ion only has one possible charge
what is the process of naming univalent ionic compounds?
- name the cation first by using the element’s name (usually a metal)
- Name the anion second, change the ending to “ide”
(usually a non-metal)
what is the formula for univalent ionic compounds?
- write the symbol for the cation with the charge
- write the symbol for the anion with the charge
- criss-cross charges
- reduce the subscripts if necessary
NOTES: find common denominator, put state down
what are multivalent ionic compounds?
contains a transition metal that may have more than one charge
what is the process of naming a multivalent ionic compound?
- name the cation
- place a roman numeral in brackets following the cation to indicate the charge of cation
- name the anion, changing the ending to “ide”
what is the formula for multivalent ionic compounds?
- write the symbol for the cation with the charge (charge is indicated by roman numeral given in the name, if not provided, use the most common charge which is the first on the list)
- write the symbol for the anion with the charge
- criss-cross charges
- reduce the subscripts if necessary
what are polyatomic ions?
a group of tightly bound atoms with an overall charge
what is the process used to name polyatomic ions?
- follow the same ruels as other ionic compounds
- do not change the endings on polyatomic ions
what is the formula for polyatomic ions?
- same rules as other ionic compounds
- put brackets around polyatomic ion IF more than one is needed
what are covalent bonds (molecular elements and compounds)
a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
what is a molecular element?
a pure chemical substance that naturally exists in groupings of to or more atoms of the same type as its simplest form
what is a molecular compound?
composed of only non-metals
what is the process for naming binary covalent (molecular) compounds
- the first element is named first, using the elements name
- second elements is named after changing the ending to “ide”
- prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms
- “mono” is not used to name the first element
what are the greek prefixes used to name binary covalent (molecular) compounds
1=mono
2=di
3=tri
4=tetra
5=penta
6=hexa
7=hepta
8=octa
9=nona
10=deca
Which between Ionic and Molecular compounds are conductive?
ionic! (when in solution) molecular are not conductive
which between ionic and molecular compounds have a low melting point?
molecular! ionic compounds have a high melting point (800 degreesC)
