Iontophoresis

Question 1

iontophoresis definition

Answer 1

transcutaneous delivery of medications in form of ions via the application of electrical current

Question 2

most common med for ionto

Answer 2

dexamethasone

Question 3

dexamethasone

Answer 3

used for inflammation, edema, and pain- anti-inflammatory corticosteroid

Question 4

indications

Answer 4

analgesia
calcium deposits
keloids
fungal infection
hyperhidrosis
inflammation
ischemia
scar tissue
wounds

Question 5

Anode charge

Answer 5

positive

Question 6

Cathode charge

Answer 6

negative

Question 7

Treatment Electrode

Answer 7

active delivery electrode containing medication

Question 8

Dispersive Electrode

Answer 8

inactive- gel or saline electrode

Question 9

Electromigration

Answer 9

electrical repulsions of ions

Question 10

electroporation

Answer 10

ES increases porosity of superficial skin in startum corneaum

Question 11

electro-osmosis

Answer 11

human skin has net engative charge

direction of ionic flow is from anode to cathode

Question 12

which ions move toward cathode in electro-osmosis

Answer 12

water and Na+ toward cathose, creating a stream

Question 13

electroosmotic bulk flow

Answer 13

anode to cathode.

anodic delivery current flows easier (+) since skin pores are negative (-)

Question 14

cathodic delivery in skin

Answer 14

impeded

need to turn up current amplitude

Question 15

permeability of skin

Answer 15

increases with current density

Question 16

Skin response to cathode

Answer 16

greater response under cathode- alkaline reaction from formation of NaOH sodium hydroxide (increased skin pH)
Softens skin- increases risk of burns

Question 17

Response to anode

Answer 17

more uncomfortable- need smaller electrodes

Question 18

routes of penetration through skin

Answer 18

sweat glands
oil glands
hair follicles

Question 19

Advantages of Ionto

Answer 19

better than oral meds
better than nasal delivery- better bioavailability
better than injections

Question 20

Acidic Reaction

Answer 20

hydrochloric acid may form under the positive electrode- Anode
causes thickening of skin

Question 21

Alkaline Reaction

Answer 21

Sodium hydroxide may form under the negative electrode- cathode
causes softening of skin

Question 22

Burn can be minimized by

Answer 22

• increasing the size of the cathode relative to the anode
  decreasing current density- use larger electrodes
• increasing the space between electrodes

Question 23

Anode

attracts, forms, process, effect

Answer 23

Attracts Cl-
Forms HCl
Process - Sclerotic
Effect - skin hardens

Question 24

Cathode (attracts, forms, process, effect)

Answer 24

Attracts Na+
Forms NaOH
Process- Sclerolytic
Effect- skin softens

Question 25

Current amplitude is determined by

Answer 25

patient comfort

Question 26

Current Dosage

Answer 26

usually 40-80 mA, as high as 120mA | 40-120 mA/min

Question 27

Electrode size should be large enough so current density does not exceed

Answer 27

Cathode : 0.5 mA/cm2 | Anode: 1.0 mA/cm2

Question 28

treatment time

Answer 28

determined by machine

Question 29

Current type for Ionto

Answer 29

Direct Current

Question 30

Dexamethasone

Answer 30

corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory effects recommended for tendonitis and bursitis ions have negative polarity- medication is placed under cathode

Question 31

Lidocane

Answer 31

anesthetic drug ions have positive polarity- medication placed under anode 2nd most prescribed medication

Question 32

Ionto Contraindications

Answer 32

``` Drug Allergies Skin sensitivity reactions to specific ions Metal in or near tx area Cuts or broken skin Tattoos ```

Question 33

ES Precautions

Answer 33

Cardiac disease Impaired Mentation or sensation Malignant tumors Skin irritation or open wounds

Question 34

ES Contraindications

Answer 34

Demand Pacemakers or unstable arrhythmias Over Carotid sinus. trans cervical area Venous/arterial thrombosis or thrombophlebitis Over the pelvis, abdomen, trunk and low back during pregnancy

Question 35

Ionto SHOULD NOT be applied after

Answer 35

Heat Ice Ultrasound

Question 36

Heat after ionto can cause

Answer 36

vasodilation increased blood flow accelerate drug to disperse away from targeted tissues

Question 37

Ionto for plantar fascitis

Answer 37

use acetic acid or dex to decrease pain and increase functional outcome short term

Question 38

Ionto summary

Answer 38

``` DC current Ion transport Liquis solution local/systemic effects Repelling electrical charge ```